The Abhidharma disquisitions, by Dharmayasas,[102] of Kophene.
During the period of Lung-an (397-401) the Ekottarâgama (Anguttara) and Madhyamâgama-sûtras[103] were translated by Saṅghadeva of Kophene. This is probably the Magghima Nikâya, translated by Gotama Saṅghadeva, under the Eastern Tsin dynasty, 317-419.
In the period Î-hsi (405-418) the Shâman Ki-fâ-ling brought from Khoten to Nanking, the southern capital, the Hwâ-yen Sûtra in 36,000 gâthâs, and translated it. This may be the Buddhâvatamsaka-sûtra, called the Ta-fang-kwang-fo-fa-yan-king (Beal's “Catalogue,” pp. 9, 10). This translator is not mentioned in the K'ai-yuen-lu.
In 420 the Tsin dynasty came to an end.
The Emperor Thai-wu (424-452), of the N. Wei dynasty, persecuted the Buddhists, 446; but from the year 452 they were tolerated. This dynasty lasted from 386 to 535, when it was divided into two.
In 458 there was a conspiracy under Buddhist influences, and more stringent laws were enforced against them.
In 460 five Buddhists arrived in China from Ceylon, viâ Tibet. Two of them, Yashaita, and Vudanandi, brought images.[104] In 502 a Hindu translated Mahâyâna books, called Fixed Positions and Ten Positions.[105]
During the dynasties of Khî (479-502), Liang (502-557), and Khin (557-589), many famous Shâmans came to China, and translated books.
The Emperor Wû of Liang (502-549) paid great honor to Buddhism. He made a large collection of the Buddhist canonical books, amounting to 5,400 volumes, in the Hwâ-lin garden. The Shâman Pao-khang compiled the catalogue in fifty-four fascicles.
In the period Yung-ping, 508-511, there was an Indian Shâman Bodhiruki, who translated many books, as Kumâragîva had done. Among them were the Earth-holding sâstra (bhûmîdhara sâstra?) and the Shi-ti-king-lun, the Dasabhûmika sâstra, greatly valued by the followers of the Mahâyâna.[106]