There is great variation in color among the members of all these tribes, the tones varying from a light olive brown to a dark reddish brown; but in general the Ilocano and Valley Tinguian are of a lighter hue than the mountain people.
Observations on the Southern Chinese and the South Perak Malay are given below, not with the intention of connecting them with any one of the tribes of Luzon, but in order to test, by comparison, the theory of the Chinese origin of the Tinguian, and also to secure, if possible, some clue as to the relationships of both peoples.
The Southern Chinese
Dr. Girard,[14] as a result of his studies on the Chinese of Kwang-si, a province of southern China, expresses the belief that the population is greatly mixed, but all considered they appear more like Indo-Chinese than like the Chinese proper (that is, Northern Chinese). Deniker[15] Page 256comes to a similar conclusion from a study of the results obtained by many observers.
Girard gives the following measurements for 25 males of Kwang-si:
| Range | Average | ||
| Height, standing | meters | 1.528 to 1.748 | 1.616 |
| Length of head | " | .1815 | |
| Breadth of head | " | .1435 | |
| Height of head | " | .1270 | |
| Length of nose | " | .04648 | |
| Breadth of nose | " | .03876 | |
| Cephalic index | 73. to 85. | 79.52 | |
| Length-Height index | 69.9 | ||
| Breadth-Height index | 88.5 | ||
| Nasal index | 67. to 95. | 82.98 |
Deniker (p. 578) gives the average height of 15,582 males, mostly Hakka of Kwang-tung, as 1.622. The cephalic index of 61 living subjects and 84 crania, principally from Canton, he finds to be—Living 81.2; crania 78.2.
Martin[16] presents the following data: Average height of males—1.614; average height of females—1.498. Cephalic index (49 males)—81.8. Length-Height index (49 males)—66.5. Nasal index (49 males)—77.7.[17]
South Perak Malay[18]
Observations by Annandale and Robinson (Fasciculi Malayenses, Pt. I, pp. 105 et seq., London, 1903).