[4] See op. cit., p. 105.
[5] See op. cit., pp. 144, et seq.
[6] See op. cit., p. 18.
[7] See Traditions of the Tinguian, this volume, No. 1, p. 180.
[8] To produce a miscarriage, a secret liquor is made from the bark of a tree. After several drinks of the brew, the abdomen is kneaded and pushed downward until the foetus is discharged. A canvass of forty women past the child-bearing age showed an average, to each, of five children, about 40 per cent of whom died in infancy. Apparently about the same ratio of births is being maintained at present.
[9] The gifts vary according to the ceremony. For this event, the offerings consist of a Chinese jar with earrings fastened into the handles—“ears”—, a necklace of beads and a silver wire about its neck; a wooden spoon, a weaving stick, and some bone beads.
[10] This is known as palwig.
[11] This action is called tolgī.
[12] In the San Juan district Gīpas is a separate two-day ceremony, which takes place about nine months after the birth. In Baak a part of the Dawak ceremony goes by this name.
[13] This is known as inálson, and is “such a blanket as is always possessed by a spirit.” See p. 313.