[1053]. Ibid., p. 366.
[1054]. Lundell, Paul’s Grundriss, II. i. 730, says that even now any adult in Iceland can make verses.
[1055]. Landstad, pp. 370 ff.
[1056]. Ibid., p. 376.
[1057]. The vocero is far less individual than this quatrain or stave just considered, because the former is an outburst rather of public grief than of private emotion.
[1059]. Definitions are notoriously unsatisfactory in poetics. Contrast Schleiermacher’s formula for lyric as poetry plus music, Aesthetik, p. 628, with the laborious definition in R. M. Werner’s Lyrik und Lyriker, Hamburg and Leipzig, 1890, p. 10, based mainly on the subjective element. Confusion of form and conditions, which makes lyric poetry one with music (see Döring, Kunstlehre d. Aristoteles, p. 88), with inner meaning and purpose, has caused most of the trouble. In one sense the old choral was the very foundation of lyric. The congregational psalm of the Hebrews is lyric, and so is the solitary cry of the modern poet.
[1060]. Uralt, says Usener, Altgr. Versbau, p. 45. See above, p. [95].
[1061]. As Matthew Arnold reminds us:—
Sophocles, long ago,