[9]. Maran atha. See Epistle of Barnabas, c. XXI.
[10]. Winwood Reade, op. cit. pp. 237 sqq.
[11]. Eugène de Faye, “Formation d’un Doctrine de Dieu au IIme Siècle,” R.H.R. t. LXIII. (1911), p. 9. He quotes Harnack in his support.
[12]. Mark xi. 1.
[13]. On the ignorance of the first Christian writers, see de Faye, op. cit. p. 4.
[14]. Origen, cont. Celsum, Bk III. c. 12. Cf. Krüger, La Grande Encyclopédie, Paris, s.v. Gnosticisme.
[15]. “Those which say they are Jews, but are not”; Rev. ii. 9; ibid. iii. 9. The Clementine Homilies, though of much later date, never speak of the Christians otherwise than as Jews. Cf. Duchesne, Early Christian Church, p. 12.
[16]. Acts viii. 1.
[17]. Renan (L’Antéchrist, p. 511, and note 1) gives a passage, which he thinks is from Tacitus, showing that Titus aimed at the suppression of the Christians as well as the Jews. Doubtless many Christians perished in the punitive measures taken in the Ist century against the Jews in Antioch and elsewhere. Cf. Josephus, Wars of the Jews, Bk VII. c. 3; Eusebius, H. E. Bk III. cc. 12, 17, 19, 20. It was the persecution by the fanatical Jews that compelled the flight of the Christians to Pella shortly before the siege. See Eusebius, Bk III. c. 5; Epiph. Haer. XXIX. c. 7, p. 239, Oehler. The episode of the “Woman clothed with the Sun” of the Canonical Apocalypse is supposed by some to refer to this.
[18]. So that the members of the little Church of Pella who retained the name of Jews gradually ceased to be regarded as orthodox by the other Christian communities and were called Ebionites. See Renan, L’Antéchrist, p. 548. Cf. Fuller in Dict. Christian Biog. s.v. Ebionites for authorities. The connection that Fuller would find between the Essenes and the Ebionites seems to rest on little proof.