[19]. Thus Mgr Duchesne, op. cit. p. 14, says that “St Paul was a Jew by birth, imbued with the exclusiveness and disdainful spirit which inspired his race and influenced all their dealings with other nations.”
[20]. Many of the Sicarii and other fanatics managed to escape before the catastrophe of the First Jewish War to Egypt and the Cyrenaica, where they continued to commit outrages and make rebellion until they brought on themselves and their co-religionists the wrath of the Romans. See Josephus, Wars, Bk VII. cc. 10, 11. Cf. Renan, L’Antéchrist, p. 539; id., Les Évangiles, p. 369.
[21]. Abel’s Orphica, Frgs. 243-248, especially the quotation from Nigidius.
[22]. See Chapter II, supra.
[23]. So Renan, L’Antéchrist, p. 300, says that the Synoptic Gospels probably first took shape in the Church at Pella. Thus he explains the so-called “little Apocalypse” of Matthew xxiv., Mark xiii., and Luke xxi. Cf. ibid., p. 296 and note. For the symbolic construction placed upon them by the Gnostics, see Hatch, H. L., p. 75.
[24]. Hegesippus, who probably wrote about 150 A.D., speaks of Thebuthis, Dositheus, and others as leaders of early sects. Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. Bk IV. c. 22, and Origen (cont. Cels. Bk VI. c. 11) make this last a contemporary of Simon Magus. The Clementine Homilies (Bk II. c. 24), from whom both authors may have derived their information, have a long story about Dositheus being with Simon a follower of John the Baptist, and disputing with Simon the headship of the sect. From presumably other sources, Hegesippus speaks of the Essenes, the Masbothoeans and the Hemero-baptists, for which last see [Chapter XIII], infra, as pre-Christian sects.
[25]. Winwood Reade, op. cit. p. 244. Probably this is what is meant by Gibbon when he says (Decline and Fall, Bury’s ed. III. p. 153, n. 54) that no future bishop of Avila is likely to imitate Priscillian by turning heretic, because the income of the see is 20,000 ducats a year.
[26]. Apostolical Constitutions, Bk II. cc. 45, 46, 47. Harnack, Expansion of Christianity, Eng. ed. II. p. 98 n. 1, gives the date of this work as “middle of the 2nd century.” Duchesne, op. cit. p. 109, thinks it is derived from the Didache which he puts not later than Trajan.
[27]. Apost. Const. Bk II. c. 26: “He (i.e. the bishop) is your ruler and governor; he is your king and potentate; he is next after God, your earthly divinity, who has a right to be honoured by you.”
[28]. Lucian, Proteus Peregrinus, passim; Acts of Paul and Thekla; Acts of Peter of Alexandria.