[446] Hurtado v. California, 110 U. S., 516 (1884).
[447] Yick Wo v. Hopkins (San Francisco Laundry Cases), 118 U. S., 356 (1886).
[448] Pembina Mining Company v. Pennsylvania, 125 U. S., 181 (1888). Barbier v. Connolly, 113 U. S., 27 (1885). Holden v. Hardy, 169 U. S., 366 (1898). But an act making it a criminal offense to employ a female in any clothing factory more than forty-eight hours in any one week violates the Fourteenth Amendment as violating the right of contract and being class legislation: Ritchie v. State, 155 Illinois, 98 (1895).
[449] Dent v. West Virginia, 129 U. S., 114 (1889). And cases cited.
[450] Barbier v. Connolly, supra. Mugler v. Kansas, 123 U. S., 623 (1887). The power to regulate, that is, the jurisdiction of the police power of the State, as decided in Munn v. Illinois, 94 U. S., 113 (1876), includes the power “to provide a maximum charge for the storage and handling of grain” in a warehouse privately owned. This is settled law, but careful reading should be made of the dissenting opinions in this case: Budd v. New York, 143 U. S., 517 (1892), sustaining Munn v. Illinois, with strong dissenting opinions; Spring Valley Water Works v. Schottler, 110 U. S., 347 (1884) sustaining Munn v. Illinois, with strong dissenting opinions. The economic question here is whether the State can fix prices, wages, compensation, hours of labor, etc. In this connection examine Lockner v. New York, 198 U. S., 45 (1905), sustaining a law of New York State making it a penal offense for any employer to require and permit any employee to work for him more than sixty hours in any one week. The law was sustained as a constitutional exercise by the State of its police power; but see dissenting opinions. The per contra was “the right of the individual to liberty of person and freedom of contract.”
[451] Capital Traction Company v. Hof, 174 U. S., 1 (1899). Many cases cited and the history of trial by jury given.
[452] Mr. Justice Matthews in Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U. S., 356 (1886).
[453] Amendment XIV., July 28, 1868. It will be noticed here that the word “territory” is not used.
[454] Slaughter House Cases, 16 Wallace, 36 (1872).
[455] Amendment XIV.