vents his complaints of the service, [389]. Bloody Bridge fight, [229] et seq.; great loss of the English, [234]. Boscawen, Admiral Edward, captures a French squadron previous to a declaration of war, [84]; and thus begins the war of 1755, [85]; the act condemned by English writers, [85] note. Bouquet, Colonel Henry, his history, [297]; his letter to Sir Jeffrey Amherst, [295]; an excellent officer, [298]; his correspondence with Amherst and others about the war, [299] et seq.; his “truculent letter” to Amherst about extirpating the Indians, [302]; hears of the destruction of the frontier garrisons, [302]; he will try to send the small-pox among the Indians, and proposes to hunt them with English dogs, [304]; is displeased with the surrender of Presqu’ Isle, [308]; complains of the negligence of the people of Pennsylvania, [310]; his campaign against the Indians, [315] et seq.; difficulties and dangers of the march, [317]; attacked by the Indians at Bushy Run, [319]; his masterly stratagem, [322]; and complete success, [323]. See [Appendix D]. Arrives at Fort Pitt, [325]; his dissatisfaction with the service, [390]; severely blames the government of Pennsylvania, [422]; sets out from Carlisle on an expedition against the Delawares and Shawanoes, [424]; is displeased with Colonel Bradstreet, [424]; arrives at Fort Pitt, [426]; sends a message to the Delawares, [426]; good effect of the message, [427]; difficulties of the march through the woods, [427]; the troops cross the Muskingum, [428]; their number and fine appearance, [430]; the commander holds a council with the Delawares, [430]; his speech to them, [432]-434; effect of the speech, [434]; his decisive tone, [434]; the Indians submit and give up their captives, [435], [436]; number of the captives, [437]; meeting of friends long separated, [441]-443; some touching incidents, [443]; the troops, having accomplished their work, return home, [448]; Bouquet made a brigadier general, [449]; his death, [450]. See [Appendix F]. Braddock, General Edward, sails in command of a military force for Virginia, [84]; his character, [86]; his duel with Gumley, [86] note; his march through the wilderness, [87]; difficulties of the advance, ib.; the ambuscade, [89]; the battle, [90]; the utter defeat, [91]; Braddock’s insane behavior, [92]; his death, ib.; the terrible carnage, ib.; the disgraceful rout, ib.; the unhappy results, [92], [93]. Bradstreet, Colonel John, captures Fort Frontenac, [78], [391]; his expedition against the north-western Indians, [392] et seq.; the troops leave Niagara and embark on Lake Erie, [399], [400]; he is shamefully duped by wily Indian foes, [401]; he is reprimanded by General Gage, [402] note; arrives at Sandusky, [403]; his imbecility, [403]; reaches Detroit, [404]; returns to Sandusky, [413]. Brebeuf, Jean de, a Jesuit missionary, his appalling fate, [51]. Bushy Run, severe battle there with the Indians, [319] et seq.; the enemy repulsed, [323]; and totally routed, [323]; the losses on both sides, [324]. See [Appendix D]. C. Cadillac, La Motte, founds Detroit, [159]. Cahokia on the Illinois, a French settlement, [57], [120], [459]; described, [499]; Pontiac killed there, [499], [500]. Calhoun, a trader, betrayed by the Indians, but escapes, [280], [281]. Campbell, Lieutenant George, killed with all his command at Niagara, [332] note. Campbell, Captain, commands at Detroit, [137]; discovers an Indian plot, [137], [138]; second in command, [174]; treacherously detained in captivity by Pontiac, [179], [180];
exposed by Indians to the fire of English guns, [195]; cruelly murdered by the Indians, [221], [222]. Canada, a child of the church, [49]; settled under religious impulses, [50]; characteristics of the population, [47], [160]; the fur-trade, [48]; the true interest of the colony neglected, ib.; Jesuit missionaries in, [50]; want of energy in the common people, [53], [57]; advantages for intercourse with the Indian tribes, [59]; the colony suffers from the hostility of the Iroquois, [61]; Canada an object of the bitterest hatred to the English colonies, and why, [79]; surrendered to the English arms, [109]; Canadians excite the Indians to attack the English, [134], [135], [240]. Canadians compared with the people of New England, [47]-49; their false representations of the English colonists, [141]; their character, [160]; unfriendly to the English after the conquest, [134], [135], [240]. Cannibalism of the Indians, [262]. Captives taken in war by the Indians, their treatment, [28], [61], [180] note, [445]-448, [466] note; sometimes they prefer to remain with the Indians, [446]. Carlisle, Pa., a frontier town in 1760, [279]; panic among the inhabitants, [311]; deplorable scenes there, [312]; many leave the place for Lancaster and Philadelphia, [313]; it becomes the outer settlement, [336] note. Carver, Capt. Jonathan, the traveller, [166]; his account of the conspiracy of Pontiac, [166] note, [167]; other statements made by him, [236], [237] note; his description of Minavavana, the Ojibwa chief, [264], [265] note; his account of the death of Pontiac, [500] note. Cayugas, one of the Five Nations, [20]. See Iroquois. Champlain, Samuel de, attacks the Iroquois, [60]; the baleful consequences, ib.. Cherokees attacked by the Iroquois, [74]; remain quiet during the Pontiac war, [356]. Chippewa Indians. See Ojibwa nation. Chouteau, Pierre, one of the first settlers of St. Louis, [463]; surprising changes witnessed by him, ib.; the author visits him, ib. note; remembers seeing Pontiac, [463] note, [498]. Christie, Ensign, defends the fort at Presqu’ Isle, [209]-211; surrenders, [212]; escapes and arrives at Detroit, [213]; a further account of the matter, [288] note. Church, Roman Catholic, its zeal for the conversion of the Indians, [46]. Clapham, Colonel, murdered by the Indians, [280] note. Colden, Governor of New York, refuses to have the Moravian Indian converts brought within his province, [375]. Colonies of France and England, their distinctive traits, [46], [59]. Compton, Henry, bishop of London, advises William Penn to buy land of the Indians, [69]. Conestoga, a settlement of friendly Indians, [359]; their manner of life, [360]; suspected of hostile practices, ib.; a massacre there, [361]. See [Appendix E]. Conner, Henry, Indian interpreter, his statement respecting Pontiac’s birth, [139] note; his account of the disclosure of the plans of Pontiac, [164]-166. Conference of Indians with Sir William Johnson at Niagara, [395]; they ask forgiveness, [398]. Conspiracy of the Indians against the English after the French war, [131]; its causes, [131]; the English neglect to cultivate their friendship, [133]; disorders of the English fur-trade, [133]; intrusion of settlers on the Indian lands, [133]; the arbitrary conduct of Sir Jeffrey Amherst, [147]; the discontent of the Indians artfully increased by the French, [134]; Indian plot to destroy the English, [137]; a great crisis for the Indian race, [140]; the conspiracy discovered, [165], [166]; treachery of Pontiac, [169]-174; the war begins, [175];
attack on the fort at Detroit, [177], [178]; negotiation, [179]; comes to no good result, [180] et seq. Conyngham, Redmond, publishes an account of the massacre at Conestoga, [361] note. Council of Indians summoned by Pontiac, [151] et seq.; appearance of Pontiac, [152]; his speech, [153] et seq.; council-house at Onondaga, [21] note, [26], [27]. “Coureurs de bois,” or bush-rangers, [68], [160]; their degradation, ib.; and superstition, [68]; excite the Indians against the English, [135]. Creek nation hostile to the English, [356]. Creoles along the Mississippi, their character and modes of life, [459]. Croghan, George, his representations to the Lords of Trade, [387]; they are disregarded, [389]; sent to negotiate with the western Indians, [475]; his convoy seized by the Paxton men, [476], [477]; at Fort Pitt he meets Indians in council, [480]; finds them undecided in their plans, [480]; descends the Ohio, [484]; is attacked by the Kickapoos, [485]; arrives at Vincennes, [485]; meets with Pontiac, who offers the calumet of peace, [486]; proceeds to Detroit, [487]; holds a council there with the Indians, [487]-490; his speech to the Ottawas, [488]; outdoes the Indians in the use of figurative language, [488], [489] note; his complete success, [490]. Crown Point, a French fort erected there, [79]; plan for its reduction, [86]; the plan fails, [93]; another attempt, [99]; the fort evacuated, [100]. Cumberland County, Pa., settled by the Scotch-Irish, [335]. Cusick, a Tuscarora Indian, the historian of his tribe, [24], [25] notes. Cuyler, Lieutenant, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit, [198]; is attacked by Indians, [199]; fate of his detachment, [200]. D. D’Abbadie, governor of the French, New Orleans, [472]; gives audience to the messengers of Pontiac, [473]; refuses aid, ib.; dies, ib. Dahcotah, their estimated military strength, [265]; their hatred of the Ojibwas, [268]; their interference saves the English garrison at Green Bay, ib. Dalzel, Captain, leaves Niagara with a reinforcement for Detroit, [226]; attacked by the Indians, [227]; arrives at Detroit, ib.; his night attack on the Indians, [228]; his great bravery, [231]; falls in the action, [232]. Davers, Sir Robert, murdered by Indians, [176]; the transaction erroneously reported, [196]. Delaware tribe of Indians, a brave and generous people, [36]; called also Lenni Lenape, [35]; the parent stem of the Algonquin tribes, ib.; subjugated by the Iroquois, [19]; recover their independence, [36]; their treaty with William Perm, [36], [70]; oppressed by his descendants, proprietors of Pennsylvania, [71]-74, [84]; driven from their homes, [73]; some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; in alliance with the French, [111]; attack the English settlements, [111]; their number estimated, [115]; where located in 1760, [116]; found at present beyond the Mississippi, [36]; incensed against the English, [134]; a Delaware prophet, his wide influence, [136]; the Delawares attack Fort Pitt, [284], [292]; attack a body of British troops at Bushy Run, [319]; are repulsed with great loss, [323]; moral effect of the affair, [326]; their hostile inroads in Pennsylvania, [345]; a party of them brought prisoners to Albany, [356]; their inveterate hostility, [410], [413]; their worthless promises, [414]; they sue for peace, [431]-436. Detroit founded, [159]; description of, [159], [160], [163]; held by a French garrison, [52], [57], [100], [126], [128]; it capitulates to the English, [129], [130]; its population at that time, [159]; character of its inhabitants, [160]; the fortifications, ib.;
the British garrison in 1760, [163]; plan of Pontiac to seize the fort, [165], [166]; the plot revealed, [166]; See [Appendix C]. Pontiac in Detroit, [169] et seq.; attack on the fort [170], [171]; distress of the garrison, [185]; Detroit alone of all the frontier posts escapes capture by the Indians, [204]; the garrison reinforced, [216]; Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, [216], [217]; his speech to them, [217]; Indian attempt to burn an armed schooner, [223]; the garrison again reinforced, [227]; their numbers, [234]; a supply of provisions collected, [351]; the Ojibwas and other tribes ask for peace, ib.; the siege of Detroit abandoned, [353]; moral effect of the failure, [355]; the garrison continue to be harassed by Indian hostility, [404]; arrival of Bradstreet with a large military force, ib.; he meets the Indians in council, [405]; his absurd demands, [406]; gives great offence to the Indians, [407]. Devil’s Hole, near Niagara, described, [330]; a convoy attacked there by Indians, ib.; the fearful issue, [331]. Dieskau, Louis Auguste, Baron, sails from Brest with troops for Canada, [84]; his defeat at Lake George, [94]-95; wounded dangerously, but not mortally, [95], [96] note. Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia, remonstrates against French encroachment, [80]. Dionondadies, or Tobacco Nation, [30]. Dogs, proposal to hunt the Indians with them, [304]; the plan given in detail, [305] note. E. Easton, Pa., peace there made with the Indians, [111]. Ecuyer, Captain Simeon, commander at Fort Pitt, [279]; his letters to Colonel Bouquet quoted, [279], [280] note, [282], [284], [293]; his answer to the proposal to surrender, [285]; his answer to a similar and subsequent demand, [292]; his precautions for the safety of the fort, [295] note; his gallant conduct, [294]; his discontent at the service, [390]. Elder, John, pastor at Paxton, Pa., his creditable military career, [343]; his report to Governor Perm, [343] note; his character, [360]; preaches to armed men, ib.; endeavors to divert the Paxton men from their murderous design, but in vain, [363]; his letter to Colonel Burd, [365] note. See [Appendix E]. Eliot, Charles, brave action of his, [312]. English colonies, their characteristics as contrasted with those of France, [46], [47], [48], [59], [64]; neglect to cultivate the friendship of the Indians, [65], [131]; plan for a union of these colonies, [83]; its failure, and the reason why, [84]; English colonies, their exposure to Indian hostility, in 1760, [147]; how far they extended at that time, [277]. English treatment of the Indians, [65], [131], [140], [147]; English parsimony towards them, [131]. See [Appendix B]. English fur-trade badly conducted, [133]; profligacy of the traders, ib.; treatment of the Indians by the soldiers in garrison, ib. Eries, Indian tribe, destroyed by the Iroquois, [32]. Etherington, Captain George, commands at Michillimackinac, [246]; is warned of danger, ib.; his disregard of the warning, ib.; his extreme carelessness, [250]; the massacre of his men, [251]; he is taken by the Indians, [206], [251]; his letters quoted, [205], [266]; how he passed the night after the massacre, [256], [257]; his complimentary letter to Colonel Bouquet on his promotion, [450]. F. Fire, torture by, inflicted by Indians, [28], [51], [61], [201] note, [290], [303] note. Fisher, Sergeant, murdered by the Indians, [175]; treatment of his body, ib. Forbes, General John, drives the French from Fort Du Quesne, [98], [111], [113].
Forest of the West, [114]; routes and modes of travel through it, [117]-120; the scattered Indian and French settlements, [115], [120]; the forest garrisons, [121]; hunters and trappers, [122]. Fort Du Quesne, built by the French, [86]; Braddock’s approach to it, [87]; taken by General Forbes, [98], [113]; the fort destroyed and rebuilt, [278]; and the name changed to Fort Pitt, [118]. Fort Le Bœuf, taken by the Indians after a gallant defence, [287], [288]. Fort Ligonier, [279]; attacked by Indians, [283], [308], [309]; the fort is reinforced and holds out to the end, [316]. Fort Miami taken by the Indians, [207]. Fort Pitt, originally Fort Du Quesne, [118], [126]; its commanding position, [278]; built on the ruins of the old fort, [278]; two roads from it to the English settlements, [278]; exposed to danger from the Indians, [279], [285]; strength of the garrison, [284]; attacked by Indians, [285]; the Indians frightened and withdraw, [286]; the surrender of the fort twice demanded, [286], [292]; a vigorous attack by the Indians, [294]; the attack ineffectual, [295]; the fort reinforced and secured from further danger, [324], [325]; brief history of the siege by one of the garrison, [325] note. Franklin, Benjamin, his account of the murder of Indians in Lancaster jail, [364] note; his energetic conduct in providing for the defence of Philadelphia, [377]. Fraser, Lieutenant Alexander, accompanies Croghan in an embassy to the Indians, [475]; visits the country of the Illinois, [481]; his account of that country, [459] note; is ill-treated and his life in danger, [481]; Pontiac saves his life, [482]; descends the Mississippi and arrives at New Orleans, ib. French colonies, their distinctive characteristics, [46] et seq.; devotion to the Romish church, [47], [48]; engaged in the fur-trade, [48]; their lack of energy, [53]; have an extended military frontier, [48], [56]; French plan to exclude the Anglo-Saxon race from the valley of the Mississippi, [56]; French expeditions against the Iroquois, [60]-62; French influence among the Indians widely extended, [63], [65]; instances of French inhumanity, [65], [66]; complaisance towards the savages, [66]; French blood mingles largely with Indian, [67], [163]; the French in the Ohio valley, [74]; obtain an influence over the Iroquois, [74], [75]; and over the Indians on the Ohio, [82]; occupation of Fort Du Quesne, [87]; driven from all their possessions in North America, [109]; French settlements in the Illinois valley, [120]; French policy towards the Indians, [132] note. See [Appendix B]. Frontenac, Count, Governor of Canada, aids the enterprises of La Salle, [55]; his expedition against the Iroquois, [61], [62]; cultivates the friendship of other Indians, [66]; burns alive an Iroquois prisoner, ib. Frontier of Virginia, [333]; of Pennsylvania, [334]; the frontiersman described, [333], [334]. Frontiers of the English provinces, [277]; how guarded, [277]; ravaged by the Indians, [296]; sufferings of the settlers, [306]; difficulties of communication between the outposts and the settled country, [309]; the frontiers desolated, [335] et seq.; consternation of the settlers, [336]; fearful scenes enacted, [337] et seq.; general distress, [342]; the number slain or captivated during four months, [357]; the frontier people make loud complaints of neglect, [357]; their resentment against the Quakers, ib.; their intense hatred of the Indians, [358]. See [Appendix E]. Fur-trade as carried on from Canada, [48], [59], [63]; from the English colonies, [63], [68]; the coureurs de bois, renegades from civilization, [68]; fur-trade, mode of operation, [118]; equipment and character of the fur-trader, [119], [122]; difficulties, hardships, and dangers of the way, [119], [120];
the call for energy and courage, [121]; character and habits of the existing trapper and hunter in the far west, [121], [122]; the white savage compared with the red, [121]; fur-trade as conducted by the English; its great faults, [133]; bad character of the English traders, [133]; French fur-traders inflame the resentment of the Indians, [134], [240]. G. Gage, General Thomas, present at Braddock’s defeat, [89]; receives a severe wound, [91]; his singular testimony concerning Pontiac, [191]; succeeds Amherst as commander-in-chief, [348]; sends a body of troops to Philadelphia, to protect it against the Paxton rioters, [376]. Galissonnière, Count, his plan of French colonization, [57]. Gallatin, Albert, quoted, [18], [32], [33]. Gates, General Horatio, present at Braddock’s defeat, [89]; severely wounded, [91]. Gladwyn, Major, commands at Detroit, [143], [157]; the hostile plans of Pontiac disclosed to him, [165]; his precautions, [167]; scene between him and Pontiac, [170], [171]; his letters to General Amherst, [172] note, [187] note; suffers Pontiac to escape, [171], [172], [174]; refuses to abandon the fort, [184]; Pontiac in vain endeavors to terrify him, [216]; Gladwyn holds a council with the Canadians, [217]-220; his speech to them, [217]; obtains a supply of provisions, [351]; proposes to exterminate the Indians by a free sale of RUM, [352], [353] note. Gladwyn, schooner, on her return to Detroit from Niagara, is attacked by Indians, [235], [236]; gallant defence by the crew, [235]; saved by a desperate expedient, [236]. Glendenning, Archibald, killed by the Indians, [337]; masculine spirit of his wife, [338]. Gnadenhutten, Pa., a Moravian missionary station, destroyed, [367]. Goddard, an English fur-trader, [244]. Godefroy, a Canadian, summons Fort Miami to surrender, [208]; goes to Illinois as interpreter to an English embassy, [408]; saves Morris’s life, [409]; stands firmly by his captain, [410]-413. Gordon, Lieutenant, commander at Fort Venango, [289]; tortured to death by the Indians, [290]; roasted alive during several nights, [303] note. Gorell, Lieutenant J., extracts from his journal, [118]; commands at Green Bay, [265]; his important duties, ib.; his prudent conduct, [266]; his speech to the Menomonies, [266], [267]; embarks with his garrison, [268]; arrives at Montreal, [268]. Goshen, N. Y., false alarm there; its singular cause, [329]. Gouin, ——, a Canadian, cautions Gladwyn, [165]; endeavors the security of British officers, [179]; his account of transactions near Detroit, [Appendix C]., [201] note. Grant, Mrs. Anne, her erroneous account of the murder of Sir Robert Davers, [196] note. Grant, Captain, in the disastrous affair at Bloody Bridge, [229], [230], [233]. Gray, Captain, falls in the fight at Bloody Bridge, [232]. Gray, a soldier at Presqu’ Isle, [286]; escapes massacre, [287]. Gray, Thomas, his “Elegy in a Country Church-Yard,” repeated by Wolfe, the night before his death, [104]. Green, Thomas, a trader, slain by the Indians, [281] note. Green Bay, a French settlement, [52], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; its early history, [239]; an important post, [265]; abandoned by its commander, but its garrison preserved [267], [268]. Greenbrier, Va., attack on, [337]. “Griffin,” the first vessel built on the upper lakes, [54]; her voyage on Lakes Erie and Huron, ib.
H. Heckewelder, John, Moravian missionary, relates a curious story of the superstitious regard of Indians for insane persons, [283]. Hendrick, the Mohawk chief, slain at the battle of Lake George, [94]. Henry, Alexander, pioneer of the English fur-trade in the extreme North-west, [241]; his adventures, [241]; his interview with an Ojibwa chief, [241]-243; attacked by a party of Ottawas, [244]; an Ojibwa chief takes a liking to him, [246]; and warns him of danger, [247]; escapes the massacre at Michillimackinac, [252]; his account quoted, [251]-255; his extreme danger, [253]; his life spared, and the manner thereof, [252] et seq.; his further adventures, [256]-258, [263]; painted and attired like an Indian, [264]; extract from Henry’s Travels, [395], [396]; he is delivered from captivity and brought safely to Niagara, [400]. Hodenosaunee, the Indian name for the Five Nations, [19]. Holmes, Ensign, commander of Fort Miami, discovers a plot of the Indians against the English, [143]; the fort is taken, and he is killed by the Indians, [207]. Hopkins, Mr., of Wyoming, escapes the massacre there, [347], [348]. Howe, Lord, killed at Ticonderoga, [98]. Hughes, John, of Lancaster, Pa., details of his plan to hunt the Indians with dogs, [305] note. Hurons or Wyandots, their population, [30]; had characteristics in common with the Iroquois, [31]; their utter ruin and dispersion, [32]; present at Braddock’s defeat, [88]; their population estimated, [115]; their energy, [117]; a conquered people, [114]. I. Iberville, Lemoine d’, founds the colony of Louisiana, [56]. Illinois nation of Indians, [37]; tribes of which that nation was composed, [501] note. Illinois River, the region described, [452] et seq.; its early colonization, [456]-458; character of the first settlers, [458]; the population, its numbers and location, [459]; the Indians of that country, [460], [461]; the English take possession of Fort Chartres, and of the Illinois country, [471], [491]. Insanity, persons laboring under it, superstitious regard of Indians for, [283]. Indian summer described, [353], [354]. Indians, their general character, [15]; all live by the chase, ib.; their pride and self-consciousness, [15]; they cannot endure restraint, ib.; influence of the sachems, what, ib.; distinction between the civil and military authority, ib.; the Indian inflexibly adheres to ancient usages, [17]; division into clans, ib.; the totems, or symbols of the clans, ib.; peculiar character of the clan, ib.; its privileges, [18]; division of the Indian population into three great families, ib.; their dwellings and works of defence, [25]; their mode of life, [27]; their legendary lore, [40]; and religious belief, [41]; the unity of God unknown to them, [42]; the Indian character often mistaken, ib.; the Indian strangely self-contradictory, ib.; his character summed up, [43]-45; treatment of Indians by the French, [64]-67; by the English, [63]; by William Penn, [69]; by his sons, [71]; by the Quakers, [70], [71]; attitude of the Indian tribes towards the English in 1755, [78]; their alarm at the appearance of the French on the waters of the Ohio, [82]; the French conciliate them, [83]; effect on them of Braddock’s defeat, [92]; attached to the French interest, [114]; estimate of the Indian population in 1760 in the present territory of the United States, [115]; striking instance of Indian acuteness, [123] note; their feelings at the surrender of Detroit, [129]; intense hatred of the English takes possession of the Indians, [131];
its manifestations, ib.; treatment of the Indians by the English, [131], [132] note, [141]; plot formed for the destruction of the English, [137], [138]; their imperfect preparation for the war, [145]; defects of their social system, ib.; without any central authority, ib.; their chiefs had no power but of advice and persuasion, [146]; Indians will not submit to restraint or discipline, ib.; they are capricious and unstable, ib.; often desert their leaders, [146]; they are formidable in small detached parties only, ib.; they are fond of war and ready to engage in it, ib.; they never fight but when sure to win, [147]; alert and active, crafty and treacherous, they cause wide-spread havoc, but carefully avoid collision with a foe, ib.; Indians prone to quarrel, [151]; Indian council, [151] et seq.; war-dance, [176]; Indian attack on Detroit, [177] et seq.; idea of military honor, [184]; courage, [185]; sad effect of whiskey, [200]; Indians fight from ambush, [198]; Indian barbarity. See Barbarity, Indian. Indians attempt to destroy an armed schooner, [223]; their prolonged blockade of Detroit, [224]; a curious instance of Indian friendship, [246]; Indian ball-play, [250]; fearful massacre by Indians at Michillimackinac, [251] et seq.; cannibalism, [262]; revulsion of feeling, [262], [264]; Indian faithlessness, [147], [250], [281], [282]; Indians fight in ambuscade, [330], [344]; cannot stand before border riflemen, [344]; great conference of Indians at Niagara, [395] et seq.; veneration of Indians for the rattlesnake, [395] note; to some white people Indian life has charms, [446]; Indians of the Illinois, [460]; council of Indians meet Sir William Johnson at Johnson Hall, [327]; again at Niagara, [395]; council at Detroit, [487]-490; Indians are pleased when white men adopt their figurative language, [489] note. Iroquois, or Five Nations, afterwards Six Nations, [19]; the term often applied to the entire family of which they were a part, ib.; their extended conquests, ib. See [Appendix A]. Causes of their success, [20]; tribal organization, ib.; their manner of conducting public business, [21]; divided into eight clans, ib.; great power of this system, ib.; descent of the sachemship in the female line, [22]; extensive prevalence of this custom, ib. note; origin of the Iroquois, [23]; Indian tradition concerning it, [23], [24]; their fantastic legends, [24], [25]; rude state of the arts among them, [25]; their agriculture, ib.; their fortifications and strongholds, ib.; their dwellings, [26]; their life of excitement, [27]; preparation for war, [28]; return from war, ib.; fiendish cruelty, ib.; their boundless pride, [29]; military strength, ib.; destroy the Hurons, [31]; and several other Indian nations, ib.; their cruel treatment of captives, [32]; their licentiousness, [33]; their god of thunder, [41]; attack made on them by Champlain, [60]; they become the irreconcilable foes of the French colonies, ib.; their attack on Montreal, [61]; their extreme ferocity, ib.; expedition of Frontenac against them, [61], [62]; their rancor abates, [62]; irritated against the English and why, [74]; influence over them gained by Sir William Johnson, [76]. See [Appendix A]. They assume to dispose of lands in Pennsylvania, [72], [83]; treaty of alliance with them, [84]; they induce the Delawares to make peace with the English, [111]; flock to the British standard, [114]; estimate of their numbers, [115]; what their approach to civilization, [116]; meet Sir William Johnson in council, and are restrained by him from war against the English, [327]; the Senecas already at war with them, [137], [142], [290], [296], [327]; the Iroquois send a message to the Delawares, exhorting them to bury the hatchet, [328]; a war-party of the Iroquois goes out to fight the Delawares, [356];
their success, ib. J. Jacobs, mate of schooner Gladwyn, orders the vessel blown up, [235]; lost in a storm, [236] note. Jamet, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac slain by the Indians, [251], [266]. Jenkins, Lieutenant Edward, taken prisoner by the Indians, [206]; his letter, [207] note. Jesuit missionaries in Canada, [50] et seq.; their religious zeal and enterprise, [51]; their sufferings, [52]; slender results, ib.; lead the van of French colonization, ib.; the firm auxiliaries of French power, ib. Jogues, Isaac, a Jesuit missionary, a captive among the Iroquois, [51]; tortured by them, ib.; his death, ib. Johnson, Sir William, settles on the Mohawk River, [76]; trades with the Indians, ib.; acquires great influence over them, ib. See [Appendix A]. Becomes a major-general and a baronet, [76]; repeatedly defeats the French, [77], [93]-96, [100]; his death, [77]; his good and bad qualities, ib.; his noble figure, [493]; his estimate of the Indian population, [115]; his annoyance from Indians, [118] note; his statement of the French policy toward the Indians and its results, [132] note; his letters quoted, [65] note, [328] note; his influence keeps the Indians around him quiet, [296]; convokes a council of the Six Nations and persuades them not to attack the English, [327]; arms his tenantry, [329]; their numbers, [328] note; offers fifty dollars each for the heads of two noted Delaware chiefs, [355]; sends messengers to the north-western tribes, [392]; meets a conference of Indians at Niagara, [395] note; his interview with Pontiac at Oswego, [492] et seq.; his address, [494]; his indecision at the outbreak of the Revolution, [77]; his death, ib. Johnston, Captain, cut off with nearly all his men, [331], [332] note. Jonois, a Jesuit priest, [205]; commended for humanity, [206], [256], [257], [259]; visits Detroit, [205], [259]. K. Kaskaskia, a French settlement, [57], [120]. Kickapoos attack George Croghan, [484], [485]. L. L’Arbre Croche, a settlement of the Ottawa Indians, [244], [258], [259], [268]. La Butte, interpreter to Major Gladwyn at Detroit, [171]; goes with a message to Pontiac, [178]; his fidelity suspected, [182]; Major Gladwyn confides in him, [187] note. Laclede, Pierre, the founder of St. Louis, [463]. Lake George, called Lac St. Sacrement, [97]; battle of, [93]-96; the lake described, [97]; the scene of active warfare, ib. Lallemant, Gabriel, missionary among the Hurons, tortured with fire, [51]; his lingering death, ib. Lancaster, Pa., jail, Indians lodged there for safety, [362]; the jail broken open and the Indians killed, [363], [364]; an account of the affair by Franklin, [364] note. Langlade, Charles, a resident at Mackinaw [251]; a witness of the massacre and careless about it, [252], [253]; kindness of his wife, [254]; he surrenders Mr. Henry to his pursuers, [255]; saves Henry’s life, [256]; his heartlessness, [257]; he and his father the first white settlers in Wisconsin, [251] note. La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, his great design, [53]; his character, [54]; builds his first vessel on the upper lakes, ib.; his voyage on Lakes Erie and Michigan, ib.; penetrates the region of the Illinois, [55]; his difficulties and embarrassments, ib.; descends the Mississippi, ib.; reaches its mouth, and takes possession of the whole immense valley for Louis XIV, [56];
ruin of his final expedition, ib.; his death, ib.; a further account of him, [456], [457]. La Verandrye attempts to reach the Rocky Mountains, [63]; penetrates to the Assinniboin River, ib. Legends of the Iroquois, their monstrous character, [24], [25], [40]; of the Algonquins, [41], [42]. Lenni Lenape, see Delawares. Leslie, Lieutenant, at Michillimackinac, [250]; taken by the Indians, [251], [268]. Loftus, Major, his abortive attempt to ascend the Mississippi, [469], [470]. Loskiel, Moravian missionary, quoted, [282]. Louisiana colonized, [56]. M. Macdonald, James, of Detroit, his account of the detention of two British officers, [181] note; his account of the death of Capt. Campbell, [222] note. McDougal, Lieutenant, of Detroit, visits the Indian camp and is treacherously seized, [179]; the McDougal MSS. quoted, [189]; escapes, [222]. McGregory, Major, attempts the fur-trade, but fails, [63]. Meloche, at his house two British officers are confined, [181], [187]; further notice of the house, [230]. Menomonies, their location, [265]; friends of the English in Pontiac’s war, [268]. Miami nation of Indians, [37]; friendly to the English, [78]; retained their ancient character, [117]. Miami fort. See Fort Miami. Michillimackinac, a French settlement and fort, [52], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; captured by the Indians, [205]; the approach to it described, [238]; description of the place itself, [239], [249], [263]; import of the name, [239]; tradition concerning the name, [263] note; early history of the place, [239]; its population in 1763, ib.; Indian tribes in the vicinity, [240]; they join in the conspiracy of Pontiac, [245]; strength of the garrison at the time, [245]; warnings of danger, [246]; the evening before the massacre, [247]; the morning of the massacre, ball-play, [249]; the massacre, [251]; shocking scenes, [252]; followed by an Indian debauch, [256]; the Indians leave the place, [264]. See [Appendix C]. Military honor, Indian idea of it, [146], [184]. Minavavana, the great Ojibwa chief, called also the Grand Sauteur, [241]; his interview with Alexander Henry, [241]-243; his character and influence, [245]; leads the attack on Michillimackinac, [259]; his speech to the Ottawas, ib.; releases Mr. Henry, [261]; description of him from Carver’s Travels, [264] note; comes to Detroit to ask for peace, [487]. Missionary labors among the Indians by the Jesuits, [50] et seq., [64]; by the English, [64]. Mohawks, attack the Penobscot Indians, [19] note. “Mohog all devil!” [19] note. Mongrel population, French and Indian, [68], [163]. Monkton, General, reduces Acadia, [92]; commands under Wolfe in the expedition against Quebec, [103]; in command at Fort Pitt, [126]. Monongahela River, passage of by Braddock’s army, [87], [89]; Battle of, [90]-92. Montcalm (Louis Joseph de St. Véran), Marquis of, takes Oswego, [97]; captures Fort William Henry, ib.; repels the attack of General Abercrombie on Ticonderoga, [98], [99]; commands the army in opposition to Wolfe, [101]; his defeat and death, [109]. Montour, Captain, makes a successful inroad upon the Indians, [356]. Montreal, attack on it by the Iroquois, [61]; surrenders to the English forces, [110]. Moravian missions in Pennsylvania, [367]; the converts involved in danger from both the French and the English, ib.;