murder of some of them, [368]; the mission broken up and the converts removed to Philadelphia, [369]; sent thence to New York, [374], [375]; insulted by the mob, [369]; not allowed to enter New York or to stay in New Jersey, [375]; brought back to Philadelphia, [376]; remain there a whole year, [385]. Morris, Captain, goes on an embassy to the Illinois country, [407]; his interview with Pontiac, [408]; holds a council with the Indians, [409]; encounters a band of savage warriors, [410]; he is a captive among the Indians, [411]; expects to be tortured, [412]; is released, ib.; abandons his mission and returns to Detroit, [413]; reference to his published journals, ib.; returns home, meeting with disaster on the way, [415], [416]. N. Neutral Nation, why so named, [30]; their destruction by the Iroquois, [31]. New England, population contrasted with that of Canada, [47] et seq.; their energy and patient industry, [48]; did not obtain Indian lands but by purchase, [70] note. New York, Province of, suffers from Indian hostilities, [328]. Niagara, French fort there, [46], [57], [62]; attack on it by the English, [77]; failure of the attack, [92]; another attempt, [99]; the fort surrenders, [100]; great conference of Indians there, [395] et seq. O. Ohio River, no Indians dwelt on its banks, [120]. Ohio Company, formed, and for what purpose, [80]. Ohio Valley, proposal to secure it for the English, [80]; French settlements there, [57]; further encroachments, [74], [80] et seq.; alarm of the Indians of that vicinity, [82]; Ohio Indians at war with the English, [111]; estimate of their numbers, [115]; the Ohio valley described as it was in 1760, [114] et seq.; its population, [114] et seq.; routes of travel, [117]; modes of travel, [117]-120. Ojibwa nation of Indians, [38]; check the career of Iroquois conquest, ib.; their modes of life, [39]; sufferings in winter, ib.; some of them present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; join Pontiac in his attack on the English, [177], [186]; notice of their village on Mackinaw, [240]; a party of them described, [241]; interview with Alexander Henry, [241]-243; their slaughter of the English garrison at Michillimackinac, [250] et seq.; hated by the Dahcotahs, [267]; the Ojibwas ask for peace, [351]; they consult their oracle, [393]; the answer received, [394]; peace concluded, [399]. Oneidas, a tribe united in confederacy with four others, [20]. See Iroquois. Onondaga, council-house at, [21] note; description of it, [26], [27] note, [115]. Onondagas, a tribe included in the Confederacy of the Five Nations, [20]. See Iroquois. Oswego, an English fort there, [63]; taken by the French, [66], [97], [113]. Ottawas, [38]; present at the battle of the Monongahela, [88]; led by Pontiac, ib.; their village near Detroit, [163]; their attack on Detroit, [177], [180]; notice of their village near Mackinaw, [240]; a party of them visit Mackinaw and threaten English fur-traders, [244]; take English prisoners from the Ojibwas, [258]; a party of them take possession of Michillimackinac, [258]; collision with the Ojibwas, [258] et seq.; they incite the Delawares to war against the English, [285]; the Ottawas refuse to bury the hatchet, [352]; they meet Sir William Johnson at Niagara and make peace, [398]; at Detroit they meet George Croghan for a like purpose, [488]. Ourry, Captain Lewis, commander at Fort Bedford, [306];
his slender force, [306], [307]; his correspondence with Col. Bouquet, ib. Owens, David, diabolically kills and scalps his own Indian wife and several of her relations, [419], [422]. P. Paully, Ensign, a captive to the Indians, [202]; adopted as one of them, [203]; makes his escape, [221]. Paxton, in Pennsylvania, character of its inhabitants, [359]; its worthy minister, John Elder, [360]; a party of men proceed from this place and murder six friendly Indians, [360] et seq.; the survivors of the massacre lodged in Lancaster County jail, [362]. See [Appendix E]. The act causes great excitement, [365]; the deed justified from Scripture, [366]; the rioters march on Philadelphia to kill the Moravian converts, [373]; alarm of the citizens, [374], [378]; measures for defence, [377]; treaty with the rioters, [381]; they withdraw, [382]; a party of them make prize of Croghan’s goods, [476], [477]; they escape punishment and set the government at defiance, [478]. Pawnee woman saves the life of Alexander Henry, [252]; the Pawnee tribe, [252] note. Penn, William, his treatment of the Indians, [69]; pays twice for his lands, [70] note; his sons pursue a contrary policy, [70]. Pennsylvania, treatment of the Indians in, [69] et seq.; the “walking purchase,” [71]; shameful conduct of the proprietors, [72], [83]; Pennsylvania wasted by Indian war, [111]; extent of its settlements in 1760, [278]; the province refuses aid to its defenders, [310], [316]; distress of the inhabitants on its frontier, [313]; the frontier described, [334]; origin and character of the inhabitants, ib.; the frontier settlers betake themselves to flight before Indian ravage, [336]; general distress, [342]; measures of defence opposed by the Quakers in the Assembly, [343]; warfare along the Susquehanna, [346] et seq.; contests of the Assembly with the proprietary governors, [349]; vigorous measures at length adopted, [376]. Penobscot Indians attacked by the Mohawks, [19] note. Philadelphia, a place of outfit for the Indian trade, [118]; the Moravian converts removed thither, [369]; great alarm felt at the approach of the Paxton boys, [373]; the people called to arms, [377]; extreme excitement, [378]; treaty with the rioters, [381]. See [Appendix E]. Picquet, a Jesuit missionary, [52]; engages in military enterprises, [75]. Pittman, Captain, does not ascend the Mississippi, [470], [471]. Pittsburgh (Fort Du Quesne) occupied by the English, [81]; by the French, [87]; its capture by General Forbes, [98]. Pontiac, his origin, [139] note; leads the Ottawas out in the attack on Braddock’s force, [88], [139]; his interview with Rogers, [127]; his haughty behavior, [128]; his character, [128], [164], [173]; submits to the English, [127], [128]; his extensive influence among the Indians, [138]; his commanding energy, [139]; a fierce, wily savage, [139], [164], [173]; his great qualities, [139], [192]; his enduring fame, [193]; in alliance with the French, [139]; sends ambassadors to excite the Indians over all the West, [141]; listens to the falsehoods of the Canadians, [141]; resolves on war with the English, ib.; the proposal accepted, [142]; he collects a multitude of Indians in a council, [151]; his appearance, [152]; his speech, [153] et seq.; allegory told by him, [153]-155; his plan for an attack on Detroit, [156], [157]; performs a calumet dance within its walls, [157]; Pontiac at home, [164]; his plan to seize Detroit, [165], [166]; the plot revealed, [166]. See [Appendix C]. Pontiac admitted to the fort, [170], [174]; finds that his designs are known, [171];
his treachery, [172], [173]; scene between him and Gladwyn, [171], [172], [173]; Gladwyn permits him to escape, [172], [173]; Pontiac throws off the mask, [174]; the war begins, [175]; Pontiac enraged, [176]; the war-dance, ib.; attack on the fort, [177], [178]; his duplicity, [179]; detains two British officers, [181]; threatens to burn Gladwyn alive, [186]; visited by a deputation of Canadians, [187]-190; his speech to them, [188]-190; provides supplies of food for his followers, [190]; issues promissory notes for the payment, [191]; is desirous of learning war from Europeans, ib.; General Gage’s account of him, [191]; Major Rogers’s account, [192]; account of him by William Smith, [192] note; his magnanimity illustrated by anecdotes, [193], [194]; number of his followers, [203]; tries to terrify Gladwyn into a surrender, [216]; sends messengers to the Indians of Mackinaw, [245], [263]; his long-cherished hopes of assistance from France come to an end, [352]; his message to Gladwyn announcing this result, [352]; abandons the siege of Detroit, [353]; his interview with Captain Morris on the Maumee River, [408], [409]; his hopes crushed, but his spirit whole, [465]; goes to the Illinois country, ib.; is aided by the French settlers there, [466]; they deceive him with hopes of aid from France, [466]; Neyon, the French commandant, discourages him, [467]; rouses the tribes of the Illinois to war, [468]; sends messengers, with similar intent, to the Indians in Southern Louisiana, [471]; and to New Orleans, [472]; they return without success, [474]; Pontiac saves the life of Lieutenant Fraser, [481]; seizes a cargo of English goods, [483]; his followers forsake him, and he finds that all is lost, [483]; offers the English envoy, Croghan, the calumet of peace, [486]; his speech to the Indian tribes assembled at Detroit, [489]; meets Sir William Johnson at Oswego, [493]; promises a full compliance with the English demands, [496]; still supposed to cherish thoughts of vengeance, [497]; visits St. Louis, [498]; appears in French uniform, ib.; his assassination at Cahokia, [499], [500]; buried near St. Louis, [500]; his death avenged, [501]. See [Appendix B]. and [C]. Post, Christian Frederic, a Moravian missionary, visits the Ohio Indians to detach them from the French interest, [112]; extracts from his journal, [112] note; succeeds in his errand, [113]. Pothier, a Jesuit priest, endeavors to restrain the Wyandots from hostilities, [183]. Pottawattamies, kindred of the Ojibwas, [38]; located near Detroit, [129], [163]; and near the head of Lake Michigan, [204]. Presbyterians of Pennsylvania, their stiffness of character, [335]; hated by the Quakers, [366]; the Quakers hated by them, [377]; mutual recrimination, [384]. See [Appendix E]. Presqu’ Isle, on Lake Erie, fortified by the French, [80], [121]; occupied by the English, [126]; taken by the Indians, [208]; a false report respecting the capture, [286]. Price, Ensign George, commander at Fort Le Bœuf, [287]; his gallant but unavailing defence, [288], [289]; arrives at Fort Pitt, [287], [290]. Prideaux, General, killed at Niagara, [100]. Prophet, among the Delawares: his wide influence, [136]; excites the Indians to war, ib.; exhorts them to bury the hatchet, [480]. Q. Quakers of Pennsylvania: their treatment of the Indians, [69]; anticipated in their policy by the Puritans of New England, [70]; their love of the Indians runs to dangerous extremes, [71]; persuade the Indians to cease their hostilities, [111]; Quaker assemblymen oppose measures of defence, and justify the Indians in their raids on the settlements, [343], [348]; their own security due to their remoteness from the scene of danger, [348];
the Quakers alarmed at the approach of the Paxton men, [373]; their dilemma, [373]; they concur in measures for the defence of Philadelphia, [377]; and thus abandon their favorite principle. Quaker principles no security from the tomahawk, [348] note. Quebec, strongly fortified, [100]; surrenders to the English, [109]. R. Rangers, description of this species of force, [124]; their services, [124]; their reputation, ib.; a body of them under Rogers sent to take possession of the western posts, [126]. Rattlesnake superstitiously venerated by the Indians, [395] note, [456] note. Robertson, Captain, murdered by Indians, [176]. Rogers, Major Robert, commander of the Rangers, [124]; described, [124]; wanting in correct moral principle, [125]; tried for meditated treason, ib.; his miserable end, ib.; his published works, [125], [126] note. See [Appendix B]. Sent to take possession of the Western posts, [126]; passes up Lakes Ontario and Erie, ib.; his interview with Pontiac, [127]; his statements respecting the detention of two British officers, [181], [182] note; his account of Pontiac, [192]; Rogers and Pontiac, [193]; comes to Detroit with a reinforcement, [227]; engaged in the fight at Bloody Bridge, [231], [232], [233]. “Royal Americans,” a regiment so denominated, [298]; of what material composed, ib. Rum: a proposal to exterminate the Indians by the free sale of this article, [353] note. S. Sacs and Foxes, their location, [265]; defeated by the French near Detroit, [189] note; a party of Sacs visit Michillimackinac, [249]. Sandusky, fort, captured by the Indians, [203]. Sault Ste. Marie, a military post, [239]; abandoned by the English, [265]. Schlosser, Ensign, taken prisoner by Indians, [204], [205]. School children, with their master, murdered and scalped by the Indians, [338], [339]. Schoolcraft, Henry R., quoted, [17], [22], [24], [164], [166]. Scotch-Irish in Pennsylvania, [335]; their peculiarities, ib. Seneca Indians join in the plot against the English, [137], [142]; a party of them take and destroy Venango, [290], [296]; destroy a convoy at the Devil’s Hole, [331]; make peace with the English, [397]. See Iroquois. Shawanoes, scattered widely after their defeat by the Iroquois, [37]; driven again from their homes, [74]; carry on hostilities against the English, [111]; their number estimated, [115]; their villages, [117]; Colonel Bouquet compels them to sue for peace, [436]. Shippen, Edward, a magistrate of Lancaster, gives to Governor Bain an account of the massacre in Lancaster jail, [364] note. See [Appendix E]. Shippensburg, Pa., crowded with fugitives from the frontiers, [316] note. Small-pox, proposal to infect the Indians with it, [304], [305]; this disease found to exist among them, [304] note. Smith, James, commands a body of border riflemen, [345]; adopts the Indian costume and tactics, ib.; a further account of him, [345] note; heads a predatory expedition of Paxton men, [476]; his narration of the affair, [478] note. Smith, Matthew, a leader among the Paxton men, [360]; conducts a party of men against the Indians at Conestoga, [361]; the massacre, [361]; Smith’s narration of the affair, [361] note; he threatens to fire on his minister’s horse if not allowed to pass, [363];
leads in the massacre of Indians in Lancaster jail, ib.; conducts an armed rabble to Philadelphia, with a purpose to kill the Moravian Indians, [372]; proceeds to Germantown, and there halts, [379]; treaty with the rioters, [381]. See [Appendix E]., pp. [543]-547. Smith, William, of New York, his account of Pontiac, [192] note. Smollett’s history of England, quoted in reference to the “Royal Americans,” [297] note. Solomons, an English fur-trader, [244]. Spangenburg, a Moravian bishop, attends the great Iroquois council at Onondaga, [21] note; his account of it, ib. St. Ange de Bellerive, commander of the French fort Chartres, [464]; keeps the Indians quiet, ib.; has a visit from Pontiac, [468]; to whom he refuses aid, [468], [482]. St. Aubin, a Canadian, [165]; his account of the siege of Detroit, [Appendix C]. St. Ignace, mission of, [240]. St. Joseph River, a French fort there, [54], [57]; taken possession of by the English, [130]; the fort captured by Indians, [204]. St. Louis founded by Laclede, [463]; surprising changes there in the memory of the living, [463]. St. Pierre, Legardeur de, French commandant on the waters of the Ohio, [81]. Stedman, conductor of a convoy, escapes from the Indians, [330]. Stewart, Lazarus, a leader of the Paxton men, [362]; apprehended on a charge of murder, [366]; escapes to Wyoming, ib.; issues a “declaration,” ib.; the document quoted, [357] note; favorable character of him given by Rev. John Elder, [365] note. Superstitious regard of Indians for insane persons illustrated by a curious story, [283]; superstitious regard for rattlesnakes, [395] note, [456] note. Susquehanna River, its banks a scene of Indian warfare, [345] et seq. T. Thunder, god of, [41]. Ticonderoga, its position, [97]; repulse of the English there, [98], [99]; taken by General Amherst, [100]. Totems, emblems of clans, [17], [18], [21]; their influence, [21]. Tracy, a fur-trader, at Mackinaw, [251]. Traders among the Indians, their bad character, [63]; many of them killed, [281], [282]; treacherous conduct of the Indians towards them, [283]. Treacherous conduct of Indians, [146], [250], [281], [283], [288]. Treatment of captives taken in war, [28], [61], [180] note. Treatment of Indians by the French, [64]-67; by the English, [64], [131], [132] note, [141]; by William Penn, [69]; by his sons, [70], [71]; by the Quakers, [69], [70]; by the New England people, [70]. Treaty of 1763, its probable effect on the Indians had it been made sooner, [147], [148]. Trent, Captain, occupies the site of Pittsburg, [81]; obliged to leave it, [82]. Tribute exacted by the Iroquois, what, [19] note. Tuscaroras, a later member of the Iroquois confederacy, [20]; removal from North Carolina, [33]. U. Union of the colonies proposed, [83]. Union of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, [452]. V. Venango, on the Alleghany River, [278]; destroyed by the Indians and the garrison slaughtered, [290]; the remains visible many years after, [291] note. Vincennes, a French settlement, [120], [278]. Virginia troops, their good conduct at the time of Braddock’s defeat, [91]; Virginia wasted by Indian war, [111]; character of the settlers of Western Virginia, [333]; extent of settlement, [334];
ravages of the Indians, [337], [338]; energetic measures taken to protect the settlers, [344]. W. “Walking Purchase,” the, a fraudulent transaction, [71]; its consequences, [72]. Walpole, Horace, his low opinion of General Braddock, [86]. Wampum, of what made, [141] note; its uses, [142] note; what the spurning of it denotes, [113] note; used in making a treaty, [401] note; black wampum and its use, [473]. Wapocomoguth, an Ojibwa chief, visits Detroit with proposals of peace, [351]. War, Indian appetite for it, [146]; their mode of preparation for it, [27]; wars of the Iroquois with other Indians, [31]-33; with the French, [61], [62]; war of 1755, [84]-110; of the Indians of Ohio against the English, [111]; war-parties of Indians, how formed, [145]; Indian wars, how conducted, [146], [147]; preparation for war, how made, [148]-150; the war-feast, [149]; prognostics of the war, [159]; the war dance, [176]; the war instigated by Pontiac begins, [177]; end of the war, its distresses, [496]. War of 1755, its beginning, [84]; its peculiar character, [85]; plan formed for 1755 by the English ministry, [86]; plan for 1759, [99]. Washington, George, sent to remonstrate against French encroachment, [80]; his interview with the French commandant on the waters of the Ohio, [81]; surprises and captures a party of French on the Monongahela, [82]; sustains the attack of a superior force of French and Indians, ib.; his calm behavior at the time of Braddock’s defeat, [89]. Wawatam, an Ojibwa chief, his singular friendship for Alexander Henry, [246]; warns Henry of danger, [247]; the warning disregarded, ib.; procures the release of Henry from those who had him in their power, [260], [261]; again preserves the life of Henry, [264]. Webb, General, his dastardly conduct, [113]. Wilderness of the West described, [114]; its vastness, its small and scattered Indian population, [115]; estimate of the number, ib.; hunters and trappers, their character and habits, [122], [123]. Wilkins, Major, commands at Niagara, [331]; conducts an expedition against the Indians, [332]; meets with disaster, ib.; the failure of the expedition announced at Detroit, [353]. William Henry, Fort, its position, [97]; taken by Montcalm, [97]; massacre there, [66], [97]. Williams, Colonel Ephraim, slain at the battle of Lake George, [94]. Williamson, an English trader, procures the assassination of Pontiac, [499], [500]. Winnebagoes, their location, [265]. Winston, Richard, trader at St. Joseph’s, his curious letter, [205] note. Wisconsin, first white settlers in it, [252] note. Wolfe, General James, arrives before Quebec, [100]; his character, [101]; difficulties of his situation, [101], [102]; repeats Gray’s “Elegy,” [104]; occupies the Plains of Abraham, [106]; the battle, [107], [108]; death of Wolfe in the arms of victory, [109]. Wyandots, or Hurons, where situated, [30]; their early prosperity, [31]; fiercely attacked and slaughtered by the Iroquois, [31]; a fugitive remnant left, [31], [38]; their energy of character, [33], [117]; their steadiness in fight, [33], [34]; their village near Detroit, [129], [163]; they join in the conspiracy of Pontiac, [142]; some of them do this under coercion, [183]; a body of them surprise Cuyler’s detachment, [200]; a party of them capture Fort Sandusky, [202]. Wyoming Valley, settled from Connecticut, [347], [366]; massacre of the settlers, [347].
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Many Indian tribes bear names which in their dialect signify men, indicating that the character belongs, par excellence, to them. Sometimes the word was used by itself, and sometimes an adjective was joined with it, as original men, men surpassing all others.
[2] The dread of female infidelity has been assigned, and with probable truth, as the origin of this custom. The sons of a chief’s sister must necessarily be his kindred; though his own reputed son may be, in fact, the offspring of another.
[3] Schoolcraft, Oneota, 172.