SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK

PLATYHELMINTHES (p. [3])
Family.
TURBELLARIA (p. [3]) Polycladida (p. [7]) Acotylea (p. [16])

Planoceridae (p. [19]).

Leptoplanidae (p. [19]).

Cestoplanidae (p. [19]).

Enantiidae (p. [19]).
Cotylea

Anonymidae (p. [19])

Pseudoceridae (p. [19]).

Euryleptidae (p. [19]).

Prosthiostomatidae (p. [19]).
Tricladida (p. [30]) Paludicola (p. [30]) Planariidae (p. [42]).
Maricola (pp. [30], [32])

Procerodidae (p. [42]). = Gundidae.

Bdellouridae (p. [42]).
Terricola (pp. [30], [33])

Bipaliidae (p. [42]).

Geoplanidae (p. [42]).

Rhynchodemidae (p. [42]).
Rhabdocoelida (p. [42]) Acoela (p. [42])

Proporidae (p. [49]).

Aphanostomatidae (p. [49]).
Rhabdocoela (p. [43])

Macrostomatidae (p. [49]).

Microstomatidae (p. [49]).

Prorhynchidae (p. [49]).

Mesostomatidae (p. [49]).

Proboscidae (p. [49]).

Vorticidae (p. [50]).

Solenopharyngidae (p. [50]).
Alloeocoela (p. [43])

Plagiostomatidae (p. [50]).

Bothrioplanidae (p. [50]).

Monotidae (p. [50]).
TREMATODA (pp. [3], [51]) Monogenea (pp. [5], [52]) = Heterocotylea + Aspidocotylea (p. [73])

Temnocephalidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Tristomatidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Polystomatidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Gyrodactylidae (pp. [53], [61]).

Aspidobothridae (p. [73]).
Digenea (pp. [5], [52]) = Malacocotylea (p. [73])

Holostomatidae (p. [73]).

Amphistomatidae (p. [73]).

Distomatidae (p. [73]).

Gasterostomatidae (p. [73]).

Didymozoontidae (p. [73]).

Monostomatidae (p. [73]).

CESTODA (pp. [3], [74])

Cestodariidae = Monozoa (p. [91]).

Bothriocephalidae (p. [91]).

Tetrarhynchidae (p. [91]).

Tetraphyllidae (p. [91]).

Taeniidae (p. [91]).
MESOZOA
MESOZOA (pp. [3], [92])

Dicyemidae (p. [93]).

Orthonectida (p. [94]).
NEMERTINEA (p. [99])

HOPLONEMERTEA (p. [110]) = Metanemertini (p. [112]).

SCHIZONEMERTEA (p. [111]) = Heteronemertini (ex parte) (p. [113]).

PALAEONEMERTEA (p. [111]) = Protonemertini (p. [112]). + Mesonemertini (p. [112]). + Heteronemertini (ex parte) (p. [113]).
NEMATHELMINTHES (p. [123])
NEMATODA (pp. [123], [124])

Ascaridae (p. [138]).

Strongylidae (p. [142]).

Trichotrachelidae (p. [144]).

Filariidae (p. [147]).

Mermithidae (p. [150]).

Anguillulidae (p. [154]).

Enoplidae (p. [157]).

Chaetosomatidae (p. [158]).

Desmoscolecidae (p. [159]).
NEMATOMORPHA (pp. [123], [164]) Gordiidae (p. [164]).
ACANTHOCEPHALA (pp. [123], [174])

Echinorhynchidae (p. [182])

Gigantorhynchidae (p. [183]).

Neorhynchidae (p. [184]).

Arhynchidae (p. [185]).
CHAETOGNATHA (p. [186])
ROTIFERA (p. [197])
FLOSCULARIACEAE (p. [220])

Flosculariidae (p. [221]).

Apsilidae (p. [221]).
MELICERTACEAE (p. [221])

Melicertidae (p. [221]).

Trochosphaeridae (p. [221]).
BDELLOIDA (p. [222]) Philodinidae (p. [222]).
ASPLANCHNACEAE (p. [222]) Asplanchnidae (p. [223]).
SCIRTOPODA (p. [223]) Pedalionidae (p. [223]).
PLOIMA (p. [223]) Illoricata (p. [223])

Microcodonidae (p. [224]).

Rhinopidae (p. [224]).

Hydatinidae (p. [224]).

Synchaetidae (p. [224]).

Notommatidae (p. [224]).

Drilophagidae (p. [224]).

Triarthridae (p. [224]).
Loricata (p. [224])

Rattulidae (p. [225]).

Dinocharididae (p. [225]).

Salpinidae (p. [225]).

Euchlanididae (p. [225]).

Cathypnidae (p. [225]).

Coluridae (p. [225]).

Pterodinidae (p. [225]).

Brachionidae (p. [225]).

Anuraeidae (p. [225]).
SEISONACEAE (p. [225]) Seisonidae (p. [226]).

GASTROTRICHA
GASTROTRICHA (p. [231]).

Euichthydina (p. [235])

Apodina (p. [235])
KINORHYNCHA (p. [236])
CHAETOPODA (p. [241])
ARCHIANNELIDA (p. [241])
POLYCHAETA (pp. [241], [245]) Phanerocephala (p. [303]) Nereidiformia (p. [303])

Syllidae (p. [306]).

Hesionidae (p. [308]).

Aphroditidae (p. [309]).

Phyllodocidae (p. [313]).

Tomopteridae (p. [315]).

Nereidae (p. [315]).

Nephthydidae (p. [317]).

Amphinomidae (p. [318]).

Eunicidae (p. [318]).

Glyceridae (p. [320]).

Sphaerodoridae (p. [320]).

Ariciidae (p. [321]).

Typhloscolecidae (p. [321]).
Spioniformia (p. [304])

Spionidae (p. [321]).

Polydoridae (p. [323]).

Chaetopteridae (p. [323]).

Magelonidae (325.

Ammocharidae (p. [325]).
Terebelliformia (p. [304])

Cirratulidae (p. [325]).

Terebellidae (p. [327]).

Ampharetidae (p. [330]).

Amphictenidae (p. [330]).
Capitelliformia (p. [305]) Capitellidae (p. [331]).
Scoleciformia (p. [305])

Opheliidae (p. [331]).

Maldanidae (p. [332]).

Arenicolidae (p. [333]).

Scalibregmidae (p. [334]).

Chlorhaemidae (p. [334]).

Sternaspidae (p. [335]).
Cryptocephala (p. [303]) Sabelliformia (p. [305])

Sabellidae (p. [336]).

Eriographidae (p. [338]).

Amphicorinidae (p. [339]).

Serpulidae (p. [339]).
Hermelliformia (p. [306]) Hermellidae (p. [341]).
MYZOSTOMARIA (pp. [241], [341])
OLIGOCHAETA (pp. [241], [347]) Microdrili (p. [373])

Aphaneura (p. [374]).

Enchytraeidae (p. [375]).

Discodrilidae (p. [376]).

Phreoryctidae (p. [376]).

Naidomorpha (p. [377]).

Tubificidae (p. [378]).

Lumbriculidae (p. [379]).

Moniligastridae (p. [380]).
Megadrili (pp. [373], [374]).

Perichaetidae (p. [380]).

Cryptodrilidae (p. [382]).

Acanthodrilidae (p. [384]).

Eudrilidae (p. [385]).

Geoscolicidae (p. [386]).

Lumbricidae (p. [388]).

HIRUDINEA (p. [392])
RHYNCHOBDELLAE (p. [405])

Ichthyobdellidae (p. [406]).

Glossiphoniidae (p. [406]).
GNATHOBDELLAE (p. [407])

Gnathobdellidae (p. [407]).

Herpobdellidae (p. [407]).
GEPHYREA (p. [411])

SIPUNCULOIDEA (pp. [412], [420]).

PRIAPULOIDEA (pp. [412], [430]).

ECHIUROIDEA (pp. [412], [434]).

EPITHETOSOMATOIDEA (pp. [412], [444]).
PHORONIS (p. [450])
POLYZOA (p. [465])
ENTOPROCTA (pp. [475], [487])
ECTOPROCTA (p. [475]) Gymnolaemata (p. [476]) Cyclostomata (p. [477])

Articulata (p. [517]).

Inarticulata (p. [517]).
Cheilostomata (p. [477])

Cellularina (p. [518]).

Flustrina (p. [518]).

Escharina (p. [518]).
Ctenostomata (p. [477])

Alcyonellea (p. [518]).

Vesicularina (p. [518]).
Phylactolaemata (pp. [476], [493])
PLATYHELMINTHES (p. [3])
Family.
TURBELLARIA (p. [3]) Polycladida (p. [7]) Acotylea (p. [16])

Planoceridae (p. [19]).

Leptoplanidae (p. [19]).

Cestoplanidae (p. [19]).

Enantiidae (p. [19]).
Cotylea (p. [16])

Anonymidae (p. [19])

Pseudoceridae (p. [19]).

Euryleptidae (p. [19]).

Prosthiostomatidae (p. [19]).
Tricladida (p. [30]) Paludicola (p. [30]) Planariidae (p. [42]).
Maricola (pp. [30], [32])

Procerodidae (p. [42]). = Gundidae.

Bdellouridae (p. [42]).
Terricola (pp. [30], [33])

Bipaliidae (p. [42]).

Geoplanidae (p. [42]).

Rhynchodemidae (p. [42]).
Rhabdocoelida (p. [42]) Acoela (p. [42])

Proporidae (p. [49]).

Aphanostomatidae (p. [49]).
Rhabdocoela (p. [43])

Macrostomatidae (p. [49]).

Microstomatidae (p. [49]).

Prorhynchidae (p. [49]).

Mesostomatidae (p. [49]).

Proboscidae (p. [49]).

Vorticidae (p. [50]).

Solenopharyngidae (p. [50]).
Alloeocoela (p. [43])

Plagiostomatidae (p. [50]).

Bothrioplanidae (p. [50]).

Monotidae (p. [50]).
TREMATODA (pp. [3], [51]) Monogenea (pp. [5], [52]) = Heterocotylea + Aspidocotylea (p. [73])

Temnocephalidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Tristomatidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Polystomatidae (pp. [53], [73]).

Gyrodactylidae (pp. [53], [61]).

Aspidobothridae (p. [73]).
Digenea (pp. [5], [52]) = Malacocotylea (p. [73])

Holostomatidae (p. [73]).

Amphistomatidae (p. [73]).

Distomatidae (p. [73]).

Gasterostomatidae (p. [73]).

Didymozoontidae (p. [73]).

Monostomatidae (p. [73]).

CESTODA (pp. [3], [74])

Cestodariidae = Monozoa (p. [91]).

Bothriocephalidae (p. [91]).

Tetrarhynchidae (p. [91]).

Tetraphyllidae (p. [91]).

Taeniidae (p. [91]).
MESOZOA
MESOZOA (pp. [3], [92])

Dicyemidae (p. [93]).

Orthonectida (p. [94]).
NEMERTINEA (p. [99])

HOPLONEMERTEA (p. [110]) = Metanemertini (p. [112]).

SCHIZONEMERTEA (p. [111]) = Heteronemertini (ex parte) (p. [113]).

PALAEONEMERTEA (p. [111]) = Protonemertini (p. [112]). + Mesonemertini (p. [112]). + Heteronemertini (ex parte) (p. [113]).
NEMATHELMINTHES (p. [123])
NEMATODA (pp. [123], [124])

Ascaridae (p. [138]).

Strongylidae (p. [142]).

Trichotrachelidae (p. [144]).

Filariidae (p. [147]).

Mermithidae (p. [150]).

Anguillulidae (p. [154]).

Enoplidae (p. [157]).

Chaetosomatidae (p. [158]).

Desmoscolecidae (p. [159]).
NEMATOMORPHA (pp. [123], [164]) Gordiidae (p. [164]).
ACANTHOCEPHALA (pp. [123], [174])

Echinorhynchidae (p. [182])

Gigantorhynchidae (p. [183]).

Neorhynchidae (p. [184]).

Arhynchidae (p. [185]).
CHAETOGNATHA (p. [186])
ROTIFERA (p. [197])
FLOSCULARIACEAE (p. [220])

Flosculariidae (p. [221]).

Apsilidae (p. [221]).
MELICERTACEAE (p. [221])

Melicertidae (p. [221]).

Trochosphaeridae (p. [221]).
BDELLOIDA (p. [222]) Philodinidae (p. [222]).
ASPLANCHNACEAE (p. [222]) Asplanchnidae (p. [223]).
SCIRTOPODA (p. [223]) Pedalionidae (p. [223]).
PLOIMA (p. [223]) Illoricata (p. [223])

Microcodonidae (p. [224]).

Rhinopidae (p. [224]).

Hydatinidae (p. [224]).

Synchaetidae (p. [224]).

Notommatidae (p. [224]).

Drilophagidae (p. [224]).

Triarthridae (p. [224]).
Loricata (p. [224])

Rattulidae (p. [225]).

Dinocharididae (p. [225]).

Salpinidae (p. [225]).

Euchlanididae (p. [225]).

Cathypnidae (p. [225]).

Coluridae (p. [225]).

Pterodinidae (p. [225]).

Brachionidae (p. [225]).

Anuraeidae (p. [225]).
SEISONACEAE (p. [225]) Seisonidae (p. [226]).

GASTROTRICHA
GASTROTRICHA (p. [231]).

Euichthydina (p. [235])

Apodina (p. [235])
KINORHYNCHA (p. [236])
CHAETOPODA (p. [241])
ARCHIANNELIDA (p. [241])
POLYCHAETA (pp. [241], [245]) Phanerocephala (p. [303]) Nereidiformia (p. [303])

Syllidae (p. [306]).

Hesionidae (p. [308]).

Aphroditidae (p. [309]).

Phyllodocidae (p. [313]).

Tomopteridae (p. [315]).

Nereidae (p. [315]).

Nephthydidae (p. [317]).

Amphinomidae (p. [318]).

Eunicidae (p. [318]).

Glyceridae (p. [320]).

Sphaerodoridae (p. [320]).

Ariciidae (p. [321]).

Typhloscolecidae (p. [321]).
Spioniformia (p. [304])

Spionidae (p. [321]).

Polydoridae (p. [323]).

Chaetopteridae (p. [323]).

Magelonidae (325.

Ammocharidae (p. [325]).
Terebelliformia (p. [304])

Cirratulidae (p. [325]).

Terebellidae (p. [327]).

Ampharetidae (p. [330]).

Amphictenidae (p. [330]).
Capitelliformia (p. [305]) Capitellidae (p. [331]).
Scoleciformia (p. [305])

Opheliidae (p. [331]).

Maldanidae (p. [332]).

Arenicolidae (p. [333]).

Scalibregmidae (p. [334]).

Chlorhaemidae (p. [334]).

Sternaspidae (p. [335]).
Cryptocephala (p. [303]) Sabelliformia (p. [305])

Sabellidae (p. [336]).

Eriographidae (p. [338]).

Amphicorinidae (p. [339]).

Serpulidae (p. [339]).
Hermelliformia (p. [306]) Hermellidae (p. [341]).
MYZOSTOMARIA (pp. [241], [341])
OLIGOCHAETA (pp. [241], [347]) Microdrili (p. [373])

Aphaneura (p. [374]).

Enchytraeidae (p. [375]).

Discodrilidae (p. [376]).

Phreoryctidae (p. [376]).

Naidomorpha (p. [377]).

Tubificidae (p. [378]).

Lumbriculidae (p. [379]).

Moniligastridae (p. [380]).
Megadrili (pp. [373], [374]).

Perichaetidae (p. [380]).

Cryptodrilidae (p. [382]).

Acanthodrilidae (p. [384]).

Eudrilidae (p. [385]).

Geoscolicidae (p. [386]).

Lumbricidae (p. [388]).

HIRUDINEA (p. [392])
RHYNCHOBDELLAE (p. [405])

Ichthyobdellidae (p. [406]).

Glossiphoniidae (p. [406]).
GNATHOBDELLAE (p. [407])

Gnathobdellidae (p. [407]).

Herpobdellidae (p. [407]).
GEPHYREA (p. [411])|

SIPUNCULOIDEA (pp. [412], [420]).

PRIAPULOIDEA (pp. [412], [430]).

ECHIUROIDEA (pp. [412], [434]).

EPITHETOSOMATOIDEA (pp. [412], [444]).
PHORONIS (p. [450])
POLYZOA (p. [465])
ENTOPROCTA (pp. [475], [487])
ECTOPROCTA (p. [475]) Gymnolaemata (p. [476]) Cyclostomata (p. [477])

Articulata (p. [517]).

Inarticulata (p. [517]).
Cheilostomata (p. [477])

Cellularina (p. [518]).

Flustrina (p. [518]).

Escharina (p. [518]).
Ctenostomata (p. [477])

Alcyonellea (p. [518]).

Vesicularina (p. [518]).
Phylactolaemata (pp. [476], [493])

PLATYHELMINTHES AND MESOZOA

BY

F. W. GAMBLE, M.Sc. (Vict.)

Demonstrator and Assistant-Lecturer in Zoology in the Owens College, Manchester.

CHAPTER I

TURBELLARIA

INTRODUCTION: DESCRIPTION OF THE POLYCLAD LEPTOPLANA TREMELLARIS—APPEARANCE—HABITS—STRUCTURE: POLYCLADIDA—CLASSIFICATION—HABITS—ANATOMY—DEVELOPMENT: TRICLADIDA—OCCURRENCE—STRUCTURE—CLASSIFICATION: RHABDOCOELIDA—OCCURRENCE—HABITS—REPRODUCTION—CLASSIFICATION.