[34] Augustus mentions his gratuities to soldiers in chapter 17 of his Res Gestae Divi Augusti; translated into English, The Deeds of Augustus, by W. Fairley, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1898.
[35] On methods of calculating the population of the city of Rome, see J. Beloch’s Bevölkerung der griechisch-römischen Welt, Leipzig, 1886, chapter IX. sec. 2 and “Die Bevölkerung Italiens im Altertum,” in Klio, III. 471-490 (1903).
[36] On Diocletian’s edict see the chapter on “Diocletian’s Edict and the High Cost of Living” in Abbott’s Common People of Ancient Rome.
[37] See the Theodosian Code, (Theodosiani Libri XVI ed. Th. Mommsen, Berlin, 1905), 10, 19, 1. 2. 8.
[38] On compulsion to work in the mines, see the Theodosian Code, 10, 19, 5. 6. 7. and 15.
[39] For Pliny’s inquiries see the Epistulae ad Traianum, 39; cf. 31 on work in the mines.
[40] For the influx into Italy and the West of men of Oriental extraction see T. Frank, in The American Historical Review, XXI. 689-708 (1916) and Frank’s Economic History of Rome, pp. 154 ff. et passim.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. General Histories of Rome
Boak, A. E. R., A History of Rome to 565 A.D. New York, 1921.