| 554. White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). L. 6.9. No yellow before eye. Ads. White stripe over eye not reaching to bill; lores black; breast gray, throat but little paler; back gray streaked with brown, rump browner, Yng. Black crown-stripes replaced by chestnut, the white ones by buff; back much browner, no gray. Notes. Call, a sharp chip; song, a plaintive, musical whistle usually of five or six notes, the first two longest. Range.—North America; breeds from northern New England and (in the higher Rockies and Sierra) New Mexico, Arizona, and California north to Labrador and Hudson Bay region; winters from southern United States into Mexico. 554a. Intermediate Sparrow (Z. l. gambeli). Similar to [No. 544], but the lores wholly gray or whitish, the white line over the eye reaching the bill. Range.—Western North America; breeds from Montana and eastern Oregon northeast of Coast Mountains, to lower Mackenzie and northern Alaska: winters from southern United States into Mexico; casual in migrations east to Mississippi River States. 554b. Nuttall Sparrow (Z. l. nuttalli). Similar to [No. 554a], but smaller, L. 6.5, margins to feathers of back browner, underparts browner, bend of wing yellow. Range.—"Pacific coast district, breeding from Monterey, California, to Mt. Simpson, British Columbia, south in winter to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California." (Ridgw.) 557. Golden-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia coronata). L. 7.2. Ad. ♂. Center of crown yellow, its sides black; below grayish white, sides brownish; back brown streaked with black; two white wing-bars; bend of wing yellow. Ad. ♀. Crown like back; its front tinged with yellow; breast washed with brownish. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds in Alaska; winters from Oregon south to northern Lower California. 558. White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). L. 6.7. A yellow mark before the eye and on bend of wing. Ads. Crown black, a narrow white stripe through its center and bounded by white behind the eye; throat white sharply defined from gray breast; back reddish brown streaked with black. Yng. Less yellow before eye, crown browner, its stripe gray; throat grayer, sometimes like breast. Notes. Call, a low tseep, and sharp chink; song, a musical, clearly whistled sow-wheat peverly, peverly, peverly; or peabody, peabody, peabody. Range.—Eastern North America, west to the Plains, casually to the Pacific; breeds from Massachusetts (locally); northern New York, northern Michigan, and eastern Montana, north to Labrador and West Hudson Bay region; winters from Massachusetts (rarely) and Illinois south to the Gulf. |
| 561. Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida). L. 5.4. No reddish brown. Ads. Above grayish brown streaked with black; sides of crown largely-black, a grayish line through its center; sides of head brownish; below white. Notes. Song, three notes, and a slight trill. (Coues.) Range.—Interior of North America, from Illinois to the Rockies; breeds from eastern Colorado, and northwestern Illinois north to Saskatchewan; winters from southern Texas into Mexico. 562. Brewer Sparrow (Spizella breweri). L. 5.4. No reddish brown. Ads. Back and crown brownish gray, uniformly and narrowly streaked with black; sides of head grayish; below white. Grayer than [No. 561], the sides of the crown not largely black. Notes. Call, chip; song, a reedy warble resembling in tone that of a Long-billed Marsh Wren. Range.—Western United States, from the Rockies to central California; breeds from Mexican border States north to British Columbia; winters from southern California south into Mexico. 574. Bell Sparrow (Amphispiza belli). L. 6.1; W. 2.7. Ads. Sides of throat with black streaks; center of breast with black spots; above grayish brown, usually without distinct streaks, no white in tail. Range.—Pacific coast, from northern Lower California northwest of Sierras, to Warren county, California; resident. 574a. Sage Sparrow (A. b. nevadensis). Similar to [No. 574], but larger, W. 3.1; back brownish gray, usually finely but distinctly streaked with black; less black at sides of throat, usually a white stripe over the eye. Notes. Call, a chipping twitter; song, feeble, but sweet and sad. (B. B. & R.) Range.—Great Basin region; breeds from New Mexico, Arizona, and southeastern California north to Idaho and eastern Oregon; winters south to western Texas and southern California. 574b. Gray Sage Sparrow (A. b. cinerea). Similar to [No. 574], but paler above, throat-stripes narrower, more interrupted, breast-spot smaller, both stripes and spot dull grayish instead of blackish. (Ridgw.) Range.—Lower California. 564. Worthen Sparrow (Spizella wortheni). Resembles [No. 563a], but sides of head plain gray, no brownish streak behind eye; tail shorter, 2.5. Range.—Southern New Mexico (Silver City), southward over eastern border of Mexican plateau to southern Puebla; breeding from Tamaulipas northward. (Ridgw.) |
| EASTERN SONG SPARROW GROUP. 581. Song Sparrow (Melospiza cinerea melodia). L. 6.2. Ads. Above reddish brown and gray with black streaks; tail with a decided rufous tinge; black streaks below conspicuously margined with reddish brown, those of center of breast forming a patch. Notes. Call, a characteristic chimp or trink; song, too variable in form to admit of brief description but unmistakable in tone throughout the whole group. Range.—Eastern North America west to the Plains; breeds from Virginia and northern Illinois north to Quebec and Manitoba; winters from southern Illinois and Massachusetts to Gulf States. 581b. Mountain Song Sparrow (M. c. montana). Similar to [No. 581], but grayer; reddish brown not so bright; bill smaller. Range.—Rocky Mountain district of United States west to, and including Sierra Nevada in California; north to eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and southern Montana; south in winter to western Texas and northern Mexico. (Ridgw.) 581k. Merrill Song Sparrow (M. c. merrilli). Similar to [No. 581b], but slightly darker and more uniform above, with grayish edgings to interscapulars and scapulars less strongly contrasted with the darker mesial streaks, the latter usually with more brown than black. (Ridgw.) Range.—Breeds from northern California (Shasta County) in mountains and through Oregon and Washington east of Cascade Mountains, to northwestern Idaho; winters south into Mexico. (Ridgw.) 581j. Dakota Song Sparrow (M. c. juddi). Similar to [No. 581], but above paler, especially line over eye and sides of neck; white below clearer; interscapulars with black center broader, reddish brown portions narrower; dark markings on breast restricted and more sharply defined. (Bishop.) Range.—"Turtle Mountains and vicinity, North Dakota." (A. O. U.) DESERT SONG SPARROWS. 581a. Desert Song Sparrow (Melospiza cinerea fallax). W. 2.5. Above reddish brown and gray; below white with reddish brown streaks; usually no black in plumage. Range.—Lower Sonoran district of southwest Arizona, southern Nevada, southeast California and northwest Lower California and Sonora. (Ridgw.) 581g. Brown Song Sparrow (M. c. rivularis). Similar to [No. 581a], but larger, W. 2.7, with longer, more slender and more compressed bill; still less strongly contrasted markings, and duller, less rufescent colors. (Ridgw.) Range.—Mountain districts of southern Lower California. (Ridgw.) CALIFORNIA SONG SPARROWS. 581c. Heermann Song Sparrow (Melospiza cinerea heermanni). L. 6.5; W. 2.5. Ads. Above chestnut olive-gray with usually distinct black streaks; tail without a decided rufous tinge; black streaks below not conspicuously bordered by rufous. Range.—Central valleys of California including lower levels of Sacramento and San Joaquin basins. (Ridgw.) |
|
CALIFORNIA SONG SPARROWS.
581m. San Diego Sparrow (M. c. cooperi). Similar
to [No. 581c], but slightly smaller, W. 2.4, much
lighter and grayer.
Range.—Southern coast district of California north to Monterey
Bay, east to Ft. Tejon, San Bernardino, etc., and north Pacific coast
district of Lower California south to San Quentin Bay. (Ridgw.)
581d. Samuels Song Sparrow (M. c. samuelis).
Similar to [No. 581c], but smaller, W. 2.4, bill more
slender.
Range.—Coast slope of central California (except salt marshes of
San Francisco Bay), from Santa Cruz County to Humboldt County,
north, at least in winter, to Humboldt Bay. (Ridgw.)
581l. Alameda Song Sparrow (M. c. pusillula).
Similar to [No. 581a], but smaller, W. 2.3, less rusty,
underparts more heavily streaked, usually more or less
suffused with yellowish.
Range.—Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, California. (Ridgw.)
581i. San Clemente Song Sparrow (M. c. clementæ).
Similar to [No. 581m], but larger and grayer.
Range.—San Clemente, San Miguel, and Santa Rosa Islands,
Santa Barbara Group, California; Coronados Islands, Lower California.
(Ridgw.)
581h. Santa Barbara Song Sparrow (M. c. graminea).
Similar to [No. 581i], but much smaller, W. 2.4.
Range.—Santa Barbara Islands, California mainland in winter.
NORTHWEST COAST SONG SPARROWS.
581e. Rusty Song Sparrow (M. c. morphna). W.
2.7. Ads. Above without clear gray and not distinctly
streaked; prevailing color dark reddish brown; below
heavily streaked with same.
Range.—Northwest coast region, Oregon to British Columbia; south in winter to southern California. 581f. Sooty Song Sparrow (M. c. rufina). Similar to [No. 581e], but larger, W. 2.9, more sooty above and below, underparts more heavily streaked. Range.—Pacific coast region from British Columbia north to southern Alaska. 581n. Yukutat Song Sparrow (M. c. caurina). Similar to [No. 581f], bill longer and more slender, color grayer. Range.—Coast of Mt. St. Elias district of Alaska, from Yakutat Bay to Lituya Bay. 581o. Kenai Song Sparrow (M. c. kenaiensis). Similar to [No. 582], but smaller, W. 3, plumage darker, more sooty, less rufous. Range.—Coast of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, from east side of Cook Inlet to Prince William Sound. (Ridgw.) 581.1. Kadiak Island Song Sparrow (M. c. insignis). Similar to [No. 581o], but larger, W. 3.2, bill longer, color grayer. Range.—Kadiak Island and opposite coast of Alaska. (Ridgw.) 582. Aleutian Song Sparrow (Melospiza cinerea). Similar to [No. 581.1], but larger and grayer; largest and grayest bird of group; L. 8; W. 3.4. Range.—"Western portion of Alaska Peninsula (Stepovak Bay, opposite Shumagin Islands), Shumagin Islands, and Aleutian Islands, from Unalaska to Atka, Adak, and Attu." (Ridgw.) |
| 585. Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca). L. 7.2. Back streaked, gray and reddish brown; tail and spots below bright reddish brown. Notes. Call, a weak tseep; song, loud, sweet, varied, ringing and joyous. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Magdalen Islands and Manitoba, northwest to Alaska; winters from Virginia to the Gulf States. 585a. Shumagin Fox Sparrow (P. i. unalaschensis). Back not distinctly streaked, much paler than [No. 585]; spots below grayish brown; palest of present group. Range.—Alaska, Shumagin Islands, and Alaskan Peninsula to Cook Inlet. —Kadiak Fox Sparrow (P. i. insularis). Similar to [No. 585a], but browner above and below; tail nearly same as back; breast spots larger. Range.—"Kadiak Island, Alaska, in summer; in winter south along the coast slope to southern California." (Ridgw.) —Sooty Fox Sparrow (P. i. fuliginosa). Ads. Above, including wings and tail, uniform brownish umber, unstreaked; below heavily spotted with same. Range.—Coast of British Columbia and northwest Washington; south in winter to San Francisco, California. (Ridgw.) —Townsend Fox Sparrow (P. i. townsendi). Similar to fuliginosa but more rufous. Range.—Southern Alaska north to Cross Sound; south in winter to northern California. (Ridgw.) —Yakutat Fox Sparrow (P. i. annectens). Similar to townsendi but less rufous; very near fuliginosa, but not quite so deeply colored. Range.—Coast of Alaska, from Cross Sound to Prince William Sound (to Cook Inlet?); in winter, south to California. (Ridgw.) 585b. Thick-billed Sparrow (P. i. megarhyncha). L. 7.3; W. 3.3; depth of B. at base, .4. Ads. Above and spots below gray; wings and tail light brown; bill large. Notes. Song, resembles that of [No. 585], but is recognizably different. Range.—Breeding in the Sierra Nevada (both slopes) from Mt. Shasta southward; in winter beyond Sierras as far as Los Angeles County, California. (Ridgw.) 585c. Slate-colored Sparrow (P. i. schistacea). Similar to [No. 585b], but smaller, bill smaller; W. 3.2; depth of B. at base, .35. Range.—Rocky Mountain district of United States and British Columbia; breeds from more eastern ranges of Colorado west to White Mountains in southeastern Colorado, mountains of northeastern California and eastern Oregon; north to interior of British Columbia; in migrations, New Mexico, Arizona, western slopes of Sierra Nevada, western Kansas. (Ridgw.) 585d. Stephens Sparrow (P. i. stephensi). Similar in coloration to [No. 585b], but larger, the bill conspicuously so; W. 3.4; depth of B. at base .6. (Ridgw.) Range.—Breeding on San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains; southern California. (Ridgw.) |