674. Oven-bird (Seiurus aurocapillus). L. 6.1. Ads. No wing-bars; no white in tail; above brownish olive-green; crown orange-brown bordered by black; below white streaked with black. Notes. Call, a weak cheep; song, a crescendo teacher repeated about five times; also a wild, ecstatic flight song. Range.—Eastern North America, west to the Rockies; breeds from Virginia and Kansas north to Labrador and northwest to Alaska; winters from Florida south to West Indies and Central America. (Said to breed in Bahamas.) 675. Water-Thrush (Seiurus noveboracensis). L. 6; W. 3. A whitish line over eye; above olive; below pale sulphur yellow heavily streaked with blackish; throat spotted; no wing-bars or tail-patches. Notes. Call, a sharp chink; song, a high-pitched, liquid whistle, sweet, sweet, sweet, chu-chu-wee chu. (Jones.) Also a flight song. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from northern New England and northern Illinois, north to Newfoundland and Hudson Bay, and south along the Alleghanies to West Virginia; winters from Florida to northern South America. 675a. Grinnell Water-Thrush (S. n. notabilis). Similar to [No. 675], but larger, W. 3.1; upperparts darker, less olive; underparts less yellow. Range.—Western North America; breeds from Minnesota, western Nebraska, and probably more northern Rocky Mountain district of United States, north to Alaska; winters from southern United States southward; in migration east to Mississippi valley, rarely to Atlantic States from New Jersey southward. 676. Louisiana Water-Thrush (Seiurus motacilla). L. 6.2. Ads. A white line over eye; above grayish olive; below buffy white; breast and sides streaked; no spots on throat; no wing-bars or tail-patches. Notes. Call, a sharp, metallic chink; song, a sudden outburst of loud wild, ringing notes; also a flight song. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds from Gulf States to Connecticut, lower Hudson Valley, and Minnesota; winters in tropics. 697. American Pipit: Titlark (Anthus pensilvanicus). L. 6.4. Hind toe-nail much the longest. Ads. Outer tail-feather largely white; next one only tipped with white; upperparts grayish brown indistinctly streaked; underparts rich buff, breast and sides streaked with blackish. Yng. and Ads. in Winter. Less gray above, paler below. Notes. Call, a soft dee-dee usually uttered in flight; a flight song. Range.—North America breeding in Arctic regions and in the higher parts of the Rockies from Colorado northward (also on Mt. Shasta?); winters from southern California, Nevada and Gulf States south through Mexico to Central America. 700. Sprague Pipit (Anthus spraguei). L. 6.2. Hind toe-nail much lengthened; two outer tail-feathers largely white. Ads. Above streaked with buff and blackish brown; below white tinged with buff; breast streaked. In winter, similar, but less brown above, less buff below. Notes. Song, uttered on the wing when several hundred feet above the earth, sweet and far reaching, resembling at beginning song of Skylark. Range.—"Interior plains of North America, breeding from plains of the Yellowstone northward to Saskatchewan district and from the Red River westward (probably to the Rocky Mountains); south in winter on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla; accidental in South Carolina."

702. Sage Thrasher (Oroscoptes montanus). L. 8.7. Ads. Above brownish gray; below whitish heavily streaked with blackish; outer tail-feathers tipped with white. Notes. Call, a low chuck; song, deficient in power but possessing sweetness, vivacity and variety; resembling song of Ruby-crowned Kinglet. (Ridgway.) Range.—"Western United States from western South Dakota, western Nebraska and eastern Colorado, north to Montana, west to the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, south into northern Mexico and Lower California." (A. O. U.) 705. Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). L. 11.5; W. 4.1; B. .95. Ads. Above, wings and tail rufous or rusty brown; below white heavily streaked with blackish; two white wing-bars. Notes. Calls, a sharp kissing note and a clearly whistled wheéu; song, loud, musical, varied, finished and rich in tone. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from the Gulf States north to Maine and Manitoba; winters from Virginia and the lower Mississippi Valley southward. 706. Sennett Thrasher (Toxostoma longirostre sennetti). L. 11.5; W. 4; B. 1.1. Ads. Similar to [No. 705], but wing shorter, bill longer, upperparts less bright, streaks below blacker. Notes. Resemble those of [No. 705], but song even finer. Range.—Southeastern Texas from Corpus Christi south into northeastern Mexico. 713? Texan Cactus Wren (Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi). L. 8.5. Largest of our Wrens. Ads. Above brown, head darker, back streaked with white; below, including chin, heavily marked with black. Notes. A loud, harsh cack-cack-cack-cack. Range.—"Rio Grande region of Texas and adjoining Mexican states, west to the eastern Desert Tract, south over the Mexican tableland." (Mearns.) 713a. Bryant Cactus Wren (H. b. bryanti). Differs from [No. 713b], in heavier spotting below, and in perfectly barred tail and slight wash of rufous on belly and flanks. (Anthony.) Range.—"Northern Lower California and southern California, west of the Coast Range." (Mearns.) 713b. St. Lucas Cactus Wren (H. b. affinis). Resembling [No. 713c], but all the tail-feathers, except middle pair, barred with white for their whole length; flanks white or very pale buff, with large rounded or tear-shaped spots. (Ridgw.) Range.—Southern Lower California. 713c? Desert Cactus Wren (H. b. anthonyi). Similar to [No. 713], but paler above; chin without spots. Range.—Interior deserts of the southwestern United States, south into Mexico and northeastern Lower California. (Mearns.) 755. Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina). L. 8.2. Ads. Above bright cinnamon, brightest on head; below white with large, rounded black spots. Notes. Calls, a sharp pit-pit, a liquid quirt, and a soft tut-tut-tut; song, both flute-like and bell-like; sung with frequent pauses and low notes. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds from Virginia and Kansas to Vermont, Quebec, and Minnesota; winters in Central America.

715. Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus). L. 5.7. Ads. Rump rusty; tail tipped and outer feathers barred with pale rusty; above grayish brown lightly speckled with blackish; below, including belly, whitish; breast obscurely streaked with brownish. Notes. Calls, Wren-like; song, sweet, varied and Mockingbird-like. Range.—"Western United States, from the western border of the Plains to the Pacific, north to Dakota, Montana, and British Columbia; south on the tablelands of Mexico and Guatemala to Salvador; breeds throughout its range, and is resident from about the southern, border of the United States southward." (A. O. U.) 716. Guadalupe Rock Wren (Salpinctes guadeloupensis). Resembling [No. 715], but darker and browner, with chest, etc., more distinctly speckled; wings and tail shorter; bill and tarsi longer; W. 2.6; T. 2.2. (Ridgw.) Range.—Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 717. White-throated Wren (Catherpes mexicanus albifrons). L. 6; W. 2.7. Ads. Belly, rump, and all tail-feathers rusty; tail barred with black; throat white; back rusty brown. Range.—Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and southward into northeastern Mexico. 717a. Canon Wren (C. m. conspersus). Similar to [No. 717], but smaller, W. 2.3; tail-bars narrower. Notes. Call, a "ringing dink;" song, a series of about seven, loud, ringing whistles uttered in a regularly descending scale. Range.—"Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region, from the Sierra Nevada and Cascades eastward to southern Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado and western Texas: south on the tableland of Mexico to Aguas Calientes; breeds nearly throughout its range; resident in southern parts of its United States distribution." (A. O. U.) 717b. Dotted Canon Wren (C. m. punctulatus). Similar to [No. 717a], but darker; more nearly resembling [No. 717] in colors, but smaller in size. Range.—Pacific coast from Lower California north to Oregon; resident. 718. Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus). L. 5.5; W. 2.3; B. .6. Ads. Above bright rust-brown; below washed with same, throat and line over eye white. Notes. Calls, Wren-like; song, a great variety of loud, musical whistles, whee-udel, whee-udel, whee-udel or tea-kettle, tea-kettle, tea-kettle, etc. Range—Eastern United States; breeds from the Gulf States north to the lower Hudson Valley (and casually Massachusetts), northern Illinois, and southern Iowa; resident. 718a. Florida Wren (T. l. miamensis). Similar to [No. 718], but darker above, more deeply colored below; larger, W. 2.4; B. .7. Range.—Florida, from Pasco and Brevard counties southward. 718b. Lomita Wren (T. l. lomitensis). Similar to [No. 718], but browner, less rufous above, rump with more white spots; below paler, the flanks usually barred. Range.—Southeastern Texas.

719. Bewick Wren (Thryomanes bewickii). L. 5; W. 2.2; T. 2.1. Ads. Above rich, dark cinnamon-brown, tail grayer; below grayish white; all but middle pair of tail-feathers black, outer ones barred, others tipped with grayish. Notes. Call, "a soft, low, plit;" song, strongly suggesting that of Song Sparrow. Range.—Mississippi Valley west to the Plains, north to Lat. 40°, east to Alleghanies and locally to Atlantic States from southern New Jersey to Georgia. 719a. Vigors Wren (T. b. spilurus). Similar to [No. 719], but smaller, W. 2; upperparts less cinnamon or reddish. Range.—California, west of Sierra Nevada and south to Santa Cruz Island. (Bailey.) 719b. Baird Wren (T. b. leucogaster). Similar to [No. 719c], but upperparts grayer. Range.—"Western Texas to southeastern California, and from southern Nevada Utah, and Colorado south over tablelands of Mexico to Zacatecas." (Bailey.) 719c. Texas Bewick Wren (T. b. cryptus). Similar to [No. 719], but grayer, brown of upperparts not so rich; slightly larger, W. 2.3. Range.—"Texas, except the extreme western corner, states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, in Mexico, with probably Kansas, Indian Territory and Oklahoma; migratory north of Texas." (Oberholser.) 719d. Southwest Bewick Wren (T. b. charienturus). Similar to [No. 719b] but flanks and upper surface darker, eye-stripe rather broader, under tail-coverts more heavily barred, wing shorter, 2. (Oberholser.) Range.—Coast region of southern California, north to about Pasadena, south to Lat. 28°, Lower California, Santa Catalina Island; resident. (Oberholser.) 729e. Northwest Bewick Wren (T. b. calophonus). Similar to [No. 719a], but bill larger, upper surface usually rather deeper and richer brown, flanks somewhat more rufescent; W. 2.1; B. .6. (Oberholser.) Range.—Pacific slope from Oregon north to southern Vancouver Island, valley of the Fraser River, and slightly farther along the mainland coast; probably resident. (Oberholser.) 719.1. San Clemente Wren (Thryomanes leucophrys) Similar to [No. 719d], but flanks and upperparts rather grayer and paler, bill longer, under tail-coverts less heavily barred. (Oberholser.) Range.—San Clemente Island, California. 720. Guadalupe Wren (Thryomanes brevicauda). L. 4.5; W. 1.9. Ads. Resembling [No. 719a], but rump with few or no concealed white spots; tail dull grayish brown, narrowly and indistinctly barred with dusky, two or three outer feathers with brownish gray tips. (Ridgw.) Range.—Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

721. House Wren (Troglodytes aëdon). L. 4.7; T. 1.7. Ads. Above cinnamon brown, sometimes obscurely barred; tail the same, all the feathers barred; below grayish with a brownish wash, lower belly and flanks usually more or less barred. Notes. Call, a scolding krrring; song, a bubbling, rippling, irrepressible little melody. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds north to Maine, Montreal, and Manitoba; winters from South Carolina and the Lower Mississippi Valley southward into Mexico. 721a. Parkman Wren (T. a. parkmanii). Similar to [No. 721], but less cinnamon above; intermediate in color between [No. 721] and [No. 721b]. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds from southern California north to British Columbia; winters from southern California southward. 721b. Western House Wren (T. a. aztecus). Similar to [No. 721], but much grayer above and paler below; back more frequently barred. Range.—Western United States from the Sierra Nevada east to the Mississippi Valley; winters south into Lower California and Mexico. 722. Winter Wren (Olbiorchilus hiemalis). L. 4; T. 1.2. Ads. Above cinnamon, much brighter than in [No. 721]; below pale cinnamon, sides and belly heavily barred with blackish. Notes. Call, chimp-chimp, resembling call of Song Sparrow; song, tinkling, rippling, full of trills, runs and grace notes. (Bailey.) Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from northern New England and northern New York northward, and southward along the Alleghanies to North Carolina; winters from Massachusetts and Illinois to Florida. 722a. Western Winter Wren (O. h. pacificus). Similar to [No. 722], but much deeper colored both above and below, and more heavily barred. Range.—Breeds on the Pacific coast from southern California north to Alaska; east to Idaho; winters south into Mexico. 722b. Kadiak Winter Wren (O. h. helleri). Slightly larger and paler than [No. 722a]. (Osgood.) Range.—Kadiak Island, Alaska. 723. Alaskan Wren (Olbiorchilus alascensis). Resembling [No. 722a], but paler and larger, W. 2.1, B. .6. Range—Breeds on Kadiak Island, Alaska; winter range unknown. 723.1. Aleutian Wren (Olbiorchilus meligerus). Similar to [No. 723], but darker, less reddish; rump and upper tail-coverts more evidently barred; bars on belly heavier. (Oberholser.) Range.—"Westernmost part of the Aleutian group, Alaska." (Oberholser.) 724. Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus stellaris). L. 4; T. 1.4; B. .4. Ads. Crown and back streaked with whitish; breast-band, sides and under tail-coverts rusty; wing-coverts tipped with whitish. Notes. Call, like sound produced by striking two pebbles together; song, chap—chap—chap-chap, chap-chap-chap p-p-rrr. (Seton.) (See [next page].) Range.—Eastern North America, ranging west to Utah; breeds from the Gulf States north to Massachusetts and Manitoba; winters from the Gulf States southward.