725. Long-billed Marsh Wren (Telmatodytes palustris). L. 5.2; T. 1.6; B. .5. Ads. Crown and foreback largely black, the latter with white streaks; a white stripe over eye; rump cinnamon; below white, sides washed with cinnamon; outer tail-feathers black, broadly barred with pale cinnamon. Notes. Call, scolding, a characteristic Wren-like cacking; song, a reedy, guttural, bubbling trill often sung in flight. Range.—Eastern North America west to the Rocky Mountains; breeds from the Gulf States north to Massachusetts and Manitoba; winters locally from Massachusetts, south into Mexico. 725a. Tule Wren (T. p. paludicola). Similar to [No. 725], but upper tail-coverts barred, middle tail-feathers more distinctly and broadly barred; underparts usually browner. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds from southern California to British Columbia: winters from Washington to Guatemala. 725b. Worthington Marsh Wren (T. p. griseus). Similar to [No. 725], but with less black above; upperparts, sides and flanks pale grayish; dark markings of under tail-coverts, flanks, sides and breast, faint, confused and inconspicuous, sometimes practically wanting. (Brewster.) Range.—Coast of South Carolina and Georgia. 725c. Interior Tule Wren (T. p. plesius). Similar to [No. 725a], but paler. Range.—"Western United States, except the Pacific coast; north to British Columbia and Alberta, east to the Rocky Mountains and Texas, south into Mexico." (Oberholser.) 725.1. Marian Marsh Wren (Telmatodytes marianæ). Similar to [No. 725], but upperparts darker; sides and flanks of about same color as rump; under tail-coverts and sometimes breast barred or spotted with black. Range.—Gulf coast of Florida. 726. Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris americana). L. 5.6; B. .63. Tail-feathers stiffened and pointed. Ads. Rump rusty; a buffy white band in the wing; back and crown streaked with whitish, black and rusty; below white. Notes. Call, a faint, high, thin tseep; song, "an exquisitely pure, tender song of four notes." (Brewster.) Range.—Eastern North America: breeds from Maine and Minnesota (casually Missouri) northward; winters from about the southern breeding limits to the Gulf States. 726a. Mexican Creeper (C. f. albescens). Similar to [No. 726], but rump rich rusty brown, back black, crown black streaked with white, band in wing white. Range.—Mexican plateau region north to southern Arizona. 726b. Rocky Mountain Creeper (C. f. montana). Similar to [No. 726], but bill longer, .7; band in wing averaging whiter. Range.—Rocky Mountains from New Mexico and Arizona northward to Alaska. 726c. Californian Creeper (C. f. occidentalis). Similar to [No. 726], but much rustier; prevailing color of upperparts yellowish rusty. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds from Santa Cruz Mountains, California, northward to Alaska.

726d. Sierra Creeper (C. f. zelotes). Similar to [No. 726c], but colors more dusky and less rufescent; similar to [No. 726b], but much darker; light centers of feathers on head and back much reduced. (Osgood.) Range.—"Southern Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Sierra Nevada of California." (Osgood.) 756. Wilson Thrush; Veery (Hylocichla fuscescens). L. 7.5. Ads. Above, wings and tail, uniform cinnamon brown; below white, sides grayish, breast and throat buff rather faintly marked with triangular spots the color of the back. Notes. Call, a clearly whistled wheé-you and a softer too-whee; song, a weird, spiral of blended alto and soprano tones largely on one note. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from northern New Jersey, the mountains of Pennsylvania, and northern Illinois north to Newfoundland and Manitoba; winters in Central America. 756a. Willow Thrush (H. f. salicicola). Similar to [No. 756], but more olive above. Range.—Rocky Mountains north to British Columbia, east to Dakota; in migration, casually to Illinois and South Carolina; winters as far south as southern Brazil. 759. Alaskan Hermit Thrush (Hylocichla guttata), L. 6.5. W. 3.5; tail rufous, much brighter than back. Ads. Eye-ring whitish, not deep buff; back olive-brown; breast tinged with buff and heavily spotted with large, wedge-shaped marks. Range.—Breeds in northwest coast region from British Columbia to Alaska; in winter south to Mexico. 759a. Audubon Hermit Thrush (H. g. auduboni). Similar to [No. 759], but larger, W. 4; back grayer, tail paler, flanks less heavily washed with gray. Range.—Rocky Mountain region of United States south to Guatemala. 759b. Hermit Thrush (H. g. pallasii). Similar to [No. 759], but back and sides browner. Notes. Call, a low chuck; song, highly musical and probably exceeding in spiritual quality that of any of our birds. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Michigan, Alleghanies in Pennsylvania, Catskills, higher mountains of Massachusetts (rarely at sea level), north to Labrador; winters from New Jersey to Gulf States. 759c. Dwarf Hermit Thrush (H. g. nana). Similar to [No. 759], but smaller, W. 3.2, back slightly browner. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds from Washington south through Sierra Nevadas; east, in migrations, to Nevada and Arizona; south to Lower California and western Mexico. (A. O. U.)

757. Gray-cheeked Thrush (Hylocichla aliciæ). L. 7.5; W. 4. Ads. Tail and back the same color, olive without brownish tinge; eye-ring and lores whitish, cheeks and breast only slightly tinged with buff, breast with wedge-shaped spots. Notes. Doubtless like those of [No. 757a]. Range.—Breeds in Labrador and west to Alaska: migrates through eastern North America and winters in Central America. 757a. Bicknell Thrush (H. a. bicknelli). Similar to [No. 757], but smaller, L. 7; W. 3.5. Notes. Calls, pheu like that of Veery; a low cluck like that of Hermit Thrush, and rarely, a pip or peenk like that of Olive-backed Thrush; song, like that of Veery but more interrupted. (Brewster.) Range.—Breeds in the high parts of the Catskills and north to White Mountains and Nova Scotia; winters in tropics. 758. Russet-backed Thrush (Hylocichla ustulata). L. 7.2; W. 4. Tail not decidedly more rufous than back. Ads. Eye-ring, cheeks, sides of neck and breast distinctly buffy; breast with wedge-shaped spots; back and flanks olive-brown; tail slightly browner. The most deeply colored bird of the ustulata group. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds from Oregon to Alaska; winters south to Guatemala. 758a. Olive-backed Thrush (H. u. swainsonii). Similar to [No. 758], but back, tail, and flanks without brownish or rufescent tinge. Notes. Call, a liquid puit; song, suggesting both that of Hermit Thrush and the Veery. Range.—Eastern North America; breeds in Alleghanies from Pennsylvania and the Catskills, north to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters in Central and South America. 758b. California Olive-backed Thrush (H. u. œdica). Differs from [758] and [758a], in more rufescent coloration on the flanks; sides and upper surface usually paler than [No. 758]. (Oberholser.) Range.—California, except north coast; north in interior to southern Oregon; south, in winter to Arizona and southern Mexico. (Oberholser.) 758c. Alma Thrush (H. u. almæ). Similar to [No. 758a], but back and flanks grayer. The palest bird of the ustulata group. Range.—Alaska, except Yukon Basin, south in Rocky Mountain region, and west to Utah and eastern Nevada. (A. O. U.)

Perching Birds Chiefly Gray, Black, or Black and White

GRAY-HEADED JUNCOS. 566. White-winged Junco (Junco aikeni). L. 6.5; W. 3.30. Ads. Resembling [No. 567], but larger, paler, wings generally with two white bars; three outer tail-feathers mostly or entirely white; fourth partly white. Range.—Breeds in Wyoming and western North Dakota; winters in Colorado, western Kansas, casually to Indiana and Wisconsin. (Ridgw.) 567. Slate-colored Junco (Junco hyemalis). L. 6.2. W. 3. Ad. ♂, summer. Head and back gray, the crown sometimes slightly darker, the feathers usually more or less tipped with brownish; breast and sides gray; belly white; third outer tail-feather with white. Ad. ♀, summer. Similar, but brown wash stronger. Ads., winter. Brown tips to feathers longer, sides sometimes brownish. Notes. Calls, a sharp, kissing note and a rapid chew-chew-chew, song, a simple, twittering trill. Range.—Eastern North America, breeds from northern New England, northern New York, and northern Minnesota north to Labrador and northwest to Alaska; and southward along the Alleghanies to Pennsylvania; winters south to the Gulf States. 567e. Carolina Junco (J. h. carolinensis). Similar to [No. 567], but slightly larger, W. 3.2, the upperparts and breast uniform slate-gray without a brownish wash the bill horn color. Range.—Alleghanies from Virginia to Georgia. 568. Pink-sided Junco (Junco mearnsi). L. 6.2. Ad. ♂, summer. Sides broadly brownish pink, center of belly white; breast pale slate-gray, crown darker, back washed with brownish. Ad. ♀ in summer. Similar to the ♂, but with less pink on sides, the crown washed with gray. Ads. winter. Similar to summer Ads., but with more brownish. Range.—Breeds in southern Idaho and south-central Montana; winters south through Wyoming and Colorado to northern Mexico. 567.1 Montana Junco (Junco montanus). Similar to [No. 568], but with less pink on the sides, the throat and breast darker slate. Range.—Breeding from northwestern Montana and northern Idaho north to northwest Territory and Alberta; in winter south to Mexico, east more or less irregularly to the Mississippi, Massachusetts, and Maryland. (Ridgw.) 571. Baird Junco (Junco bairdi). Back and sides rusty cinnamon, head gray, throat and breast grayish white, belly white. Range.—Cape Region of Lower California. 572. Guadalupe Junco (Junco insularis). Similar to mearnsi but smaller, W. 2.7, bill longer, head and breast darker. Range.—Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 571.1. Townsend Junco (Junco townsendi). Similar to [No. 567.1], but with the back grayer, the brownish wash much reduced. Range.—San Pedro Martir Mountains, northern Lower California.