Newton, Sir Isaac, [463].

Nile, valley, seat of early civilization, [152].

Nobility, the French, [400].

Occam, William of, [379].

Oriental civilization, character of, [170]; war for conquest and plunder, [171]; religious belief, [171-174]; social condition, [175]; social organization, [176-178]; economic life, [178-180]; writing, [181]; science, [182]; contribution to world progress, [184].

Parliament, rebukes King James I, [396]; declaration of, [397].

Pasteur, Louis, [469], [470].

Peloponnesian War, [241].

People, the condition of, in France, [401].

Pericles, age of, [247].