Petrarch, [365], [366].

Philosophy, Ionian, [216]; Eleatic, [220]; sophist, [221]; stoic, [225]; sceptic, [225]; influence of Greek on civilization, [226], [228].

Phoenicians, the, become great navigators, [161]; colonization by, [161].

Physical needs, efforts to satisfy, [82-85].

Picture writing, [126].

Pithecanthropus erectus, [29].

Plato, [222].

Political ideas, spread of, [486-488].

Political liberty in XVIII century. [Transcriber's note: no page number in source]

Polygenesis, monogenesis, [66].