Stem branched, woody, with resinous juice. Leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate. Flowers solitary or the male umbellate, dioecious, without a perianth. Stamens with 2-9 pollen-sacs. Carpels free, one-ovuled, shorter than the seeds, sometimes rudimentary. Seeds 1-2, drupe-like, surrounded by a fleshy aril. Embryo with 2 or more free cotyledons.—Genera 2, species 9. (Under CONIFERAE.)
Stamens with 2 pollen-sacs and a triangular blade. Pollen-grains with air-bladders. Carpels distinctly developed. Ovule inverted, with two coats. Aril enveloping the seed. Leaves with resin-ducts.—Species
8. South and East Africa, Madagascar, Island of St. Thomas. They yield timber and bark for tanning. (Including Nageia Gaertn.) [Subfamily
PODOCARPOIDEAE.] Podocarpus L’ Hér.
Stamens with 5-9 pollen-sacs and a peltate blade. Pollen-grains without air-bladders. Carpels rudimentary. Ovule straight, with one coat.
Aril cup-shaped. Leaves without resin-ducts.—Species 1. North-west
Africa. A poisonous, medicinal and ornamental plant, with hard wood.
“Yew.” [Subfamily TAXOIDEAE]. Taxus L.
[FAMILY 3.] PINACEAE
Stem branched, woody, with resinous juice. Leaves needle-or scale-like. Flowers unisexual, without a perianth. Stamens in catkins, with 2-5 pollen-sacs below the scale-like limb. Carpels arranged in the shape of a cone or bud, leathery woody or fleshy, when ripe. Ovules 2 or more to each carpel, rarely only 1. Seeds hidden by the carpels, without an aril. Embryo with 2 or more free cotyledons.—Genera 6, species 25. (Under CONIFERAE.) (Plate 2.)
1. Leaves alternate (as are also the floral leaves), but sometimes fascicled, needle-like. Stamens with 2 pollen-sacs. Pollen-grains with air-bladders.
Carpels divided into an inner and an outer scale, leathery or woody when ripe. Ovules and seeds 2 to each carpel; ovules turned downwards. [Tribe ABIETINEAE.] 2
Leaves opposite or whorled. Stamens with 3-5, very rarely 2 pollen-sacs.
Pollen-grains without air-bladders. Ovules turned upwards.
[Tribe CUPRESSINEAE.] 4
2. Shoots all alike (all long). Leaves solitary, flat. Pollen-sacs opening obliquely or transversely; connective without an appendage. Cones ripening the first year; scales leathery.—Species 2. North-west
Africa. The wood and the resin are used, the latter especially for the preparation of turpentine. “Silver fir.” Abies Juss.
Shoots of two kinds, long and short. Leaves of the short shoots in clusters of two or more, surrounded by scales when young. Pollen-sacs opening longitudinally; connective with an appendage. Cones ripening the second or third year; scales woody. 3
CYCADACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 1.
J. Fleischmann del.
Encephalartos Lemarinelianus De Wild. & Dur.