A Young plant. B Male inflorescence. C Stamen. D Pollen-sacs. E Female inflorescence. F Carpel. (A partly from De Wildeman, Notices sur des plantes utiles ou intéréssantes de la flore du Congo.)
PINACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR. Pl. 2.
J. Fleischmann del.
Callitris cupressoides (L.) Schrad.
A Fruiting branch. B Male inflorescence. C Stamen. D Fruit. E Carpel. F Seed.
3. Leaves all needle-like; those of the short shoots in clusters of many; those of the long shoots scattered. Flowers inserted upon short shoots, the males solitary. Cone-scales flat, imbricate, without a terminal appendage, deciduous.—Species 2. North-west Africa. They yield timber and medicinal drugs. “Cedar.” Cedrus Loud.
Leaves of the short shoots needle-like, in clusters of two or three, very rarely solitary; leaves of the long shoots scale-like. Male flowers in spikes replacing short shoots; female flowers towards the end of the branches, replacing long shoots. Cone-scales thick, with a terminal umbonate appendage, persistent.—Species 4. North Africa; also naturalized in South Africa and St. Helena. Wood, bark, and resin are used for carpenters’ and joiners’ work, for tanning and for the manufacture of paper, tar, pitch, colophony, turpentine, and other chemical products, as well as in medicine. The seeds of some species (especially those of the stone-pine, P. Pinea L.) are edible. “Pine.” Pinus L.
4. Fruit fleshy, berry- or drupe-like. Seeds not winged, as many as the carpels or fewer. Leaves usually needle-like.—Species 9. North and East
Africa. They yield wood, bark for tanning, resin, an essential oil, brandy (gin), and medicines; some are used as ornamental plants.
(Including Arceuthos Ant. & Kotschy and Sabina Spach). Juniperus L.
Fruit woody, cone-like. Seeds winged, as many as the carpels or more.
Leaves usually scale-like. 5
5. Carpels 4, valve-like, separating at the apex when ripe, 1-10-seeded.—Species
8, one of them only naturalized. North, South, and southern
East Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius. Some of them (especially
C. quadrivalvis Vent.) yield timber and resin (sandarac) which is used for the preparation of lacquer, varnish, cement, and in medicine. (Including
Tetraclinis Mast. and Widdringtonia Endl.) (Plate 2.) Callitris Vent.
Carpels 8-10, peltate, separating at the margins when ripe, many-seeded.—Species
1. Cultivated in North Africa as an ornamental plant and sometimes naturalized. It yields timber and is used in medicine.
“Cypress.” Cupressus L.
CLASS III. GNETALES