J. Fleischmann del.
Valeriana capensis Vahl
A Aboveground part of the plant. B Flower. C Anther. D Flower cut lengthwise (without the anthers). E Stigma. F Fruit. G Seed cut lengthwise.
154. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Anthers included.
Style 2-cleft. Fruit opening loculicidally at the apex. Herbs. Stipules entire or toothed. Flowers in lax cymes.—Species 1. Tropical and South-east Africa. (Under Oldenlandia Plum.) Pentodon Hochst.
Flowers 4-merous, very rarely 5-merous, but then solitary or in pairs or style simple. 155
155. Fruit opening by a lid, few-seeded. Flowers 4-merous. Corolla rotate.
Placentas globose, with 3-4 ovules. Undershrubs. Flowers in terminal fascicles.—Species 1. Northern East Africa (Somaliland). Mitratheca K. Schum.
Fruit opening lengthwise or remaining closed.—Species 120. Some of them yield vegetables, dyes, or medicaments. (Including Hedyotis L. and Pentanopsis Rendle). Oldenlandia Plum.
[FAMILY 220.] CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Leaves opposite. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, united below. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla. Ovary inferior. Ovules axile, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seeds with a straight embryo and fleshy albumen.—Genera 4, species 15. North and East Africa. (Plate 145.)
1. Ovary 1-celled when fully developed. Ovule 1. Style very short, 3-parted.
Anthers turned inwards. Flowers in corymbs, regular, at least the inner ones. Fruit a drupe with a 1-seeded stone. Shrubs or trees. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed.—Species 4. North Africa.
They yield timber and medicaments or serve as ornamental plants, so especially the guelder-rose (V. Opulus L.) and the laurustinus (V. tinus
L.); the latter has poisonous fruits. (Plate 145.) [Tribe VIBURNEAE.] Viburnum L.
Ovary 2-5-celled. Ovules 2 or more. Fruit a drupe with 3-5 stones or a several-seeded berry. 2
2. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. Style very short, 3-5-parted. Anthers turned outwards. Corolla rotate. Flowers regular, in panicles or corymbs. Fruit a drupe. Leaves pinnately dissected.—Species 4.
North and East Africa; one species (S. nigra L.) only naturalized. The latter yields wood, pith, oil, edible fruits, and medicaments; another species is poisonous. “Elder.” [Tribe SAMBUCEAE.] Sambucus L.
Ovary with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Style long. Anthers turned inwards. Flowers more or less irregular. Fruit a berry. Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed. Shrubs. [Tribe LONICEREAE.] 3
3. Ovary 2-3-celled.—Species 6. North-west Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Honeysuckle.” Lonicera L.
Ovary 5-celled. Fruit many-seeded.—Species 1. Naturalized in the
Azores. An ornamental plant. Leycesteria Wall.
[FAMILY 221.] VALERIANACEAE
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or all radical, without stipules. Inflorescence cymose. Calyx not distinctly developed at the time of flowering. Petals 5, united below. Stamens 1-3, attached to the corolla-tube. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, with 3 cells, two of which are empty and sometimes rudimentary. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or 3-parted. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 4, species 35. (Plate 146.)