1. Stamen 1. Corolla spurred. Calyx-limb developing into a feathery pappus crowning the fruit. Fruit 1-celled.—Species 5. North Africa.
Used as ornamental plants. Centranthus DC.
Stamens 2-3. Corolla not spurred, but sometimes gibbous. 2
2. Stamens 2, more rarely 3, two of which are united. Corolla 2-lipped; tube long, with a minute gibbosity near the base. Calyx-limb toothed.
Branches of the inflorescence thickened.—Species 4. North-west
Africa. Fedia Moench
Stamens 3, free. Corolla not 2-lipped. 3
3. Calyx-limb rolled inwards at the time of flowering, developing afterwards into a pappus of feathery bristles. Fruit 1-celled. Corolla-tube usually gibbous. Perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves divided.—Species
5. North-west, East, and South Africa. Used as medicinal or ornamental plants. (Plate 146.) Valeriana L.
Calyx-limb entire or toothed. Corolla-tube without a distinct gibbosity.
Annual herbs.—Species 20. North and South Africa and northern
East Africa. Some species, especially V. olitoria Poll., are used as salad. “Cornsalad.” Valerianella Haller
[FAMILY 222.] DIPSACACEAE
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, without stipules. Flowers in heads; each flower with an epicalyx embracing the ovary. Petals 4-5, united below. Stamens 2-4. Anthers turned inwards. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple; stigma entire or 2-parted. Fruit enclosed by the epicalyx, dry, indehiscent. Seed albuminous; embryo straight.—Genera 7, species 50. (Plate 147.)
1. Involucral bracts in many rows, imbricate, usually stiff and smaller than the scales of the receptacle. Calyx-teeth numerous. Corolla-lobes 4.
Stigma entire.—Species 15. (Plate 147.) Cephalaria Schrad.
Involucral bracts in 1-3 rows. 2
2. Involucral bracts united. Epicalyx with 8 pits near the apex. Calyx-teeth
5. Stigma entire.—Species 2. North-west Africa. (Under
Scabiosa L.) Pycnocomon Hoffmsg. & Link
Involucral bracts free. 3
DIPSACACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 147.
J. Fleischmann del.
Cephalaria rigida (Spreng.) Schrad.