[FAMILY 52.] ULMACEAE
Trees or shrubs. Juice not milky. Leaves simple, stipulate. Flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes. Perianth simple, with 3-8 segments. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments, rarely more, straight in the bud. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled, very rarely (Ulmus) 2-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Styles or stigmas 1-2. Fruit a nut or a drupe. Seed with a membranous coat and with scanty albumen or without albumen.—Genera 5, species 35. (Under URTICACEAE.) (Plate 30.)
1. Stamens twice or thrice as many as the perianth-segments. Stigma 1.
Flowers dioecious. Perianth much enlarged in fruit. Leaves opposite.
Species 1. Abyssinia. [Subfamily BARBEYOIDEAE.] Barbeya Schweinf.
Stamens as many as the perianth-segments. Stigmas 2. Flowers monoecious polygamous or hermaphrodite. Leaves alternate. 2
2. Fruit a compressed, winged nut. Embryo straight; cotyledons flat.
Flower-clusters in the axils of scale-like bracts.—Species 1 (U. campestris
L., elm). North-west Africa. Yields timber, bast, tanning and
dyeing materials, and medicaments. [Subfamily ULMOIDEAE.] Ulmus L.
Fruit a more or less globular drupe. Embryo curved; cotyledons folded or rolled inwards. Flower-clusters or solitary flowers usually in the axils of the leaves. [Subfamily CELTIDOIDEAE.] 3
3. Stipules united. Leaves entire, penninerved. Spiny shrubs. Flowers unisexual. Perianth-segments of the male flowers valvate in the bud.
Embryo with narrow cotyledons.—Species 4. Tropical and South
Africa. Chaetacme Planch. & Harv.
Stipules free. Leaves usually 3-nerved. Spineless shrubs or trees.
Flowers usually polygamous. Perianth-segments imbricate in bud, at least at the apex. 4
4. Embryo with narrow cotyledons. Perianth-segments imbricate at the apex only. Flowers almost sessile.—Species 10. Tropical and South
Africa. Some species yield timber, fibre, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. (Sponia Commers.) (Plate 30.) Trema Lour.
Embryo with broad cotyledons. Perianth-segments imbricate. Stigmas feathery. Upper flowers upon long stalks.—Species 20. Some of them yield timber, bast, tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits. “Nettle-tree.” Celtis L.
[FAMILY 53.] MORACEAE
Juice usually milky. Leaves stipulate. Flowers unisexual. Perianth simple or wanting. Stamens as many as and opposite the perianth-segments or fewer, 1-6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted or curved, rarely erect and straight. Styles 1-2.—Genera 26, species 260. (Under URTICACEAE or ULMACEAE.) (Plate 31.)
1. Stamens of the male flowers bent inwards in the bud, subsequently bent backwards. Ovule pendulous. Leaves folded in bud. Stipules not leaving a stem-clasping scar. [Subfamily MOROIDEAE.] 2
Stamens of the male flowers straight from the beginning. 14
2. Flowers in lax cymes consisting of one female flower and several male ones. Perianth with a distinct tube. Stamens 4. Style 2-cleft. Trees.
Leaves undivided.—Species 1. Madagascar. [Tribe FATOUEAE.] Bleekrodia Blume
Flowers arranged in spike- raceme- or head-like inflorescences or collected upon flattened receptacles. 3
3. Flowers on flattened and more or less expanded receptacles, rarely in spike-like inflorescences; in the latter case, as usually, male and female flowers in the same inflorescence. Stamens 1-4, usually 2. [Tribe
DORSTENIEAE.] 4
Flowers in spike-, raceme- or head-like, unisexual inflorescences (containing only male or only female flowers), rarely female flowers solitary. Stamens
4. Trees or shrubs. 7
4. Flowers in false spikes containing male and female flowers or male ones only. Perianth 4-partite. Stamens 4. Trees. Leaves undivided.—Species
1. East Africa. Sloetiopsis Engl.
Flowers on flattened receptacles. 5
MORACEAE.
FLOW. PL. AFR.
Pl. 31.