| S. A. E. Specification no. | Carbon (minimum and maximum) | Manganese (minimum and maximum) | Phosphorus (maximum) | Sulphur (maximum) | Chromium (minimum and maximum) | Vanadium (minimum and maximum) | Heat treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,120 | 0.15 to 0.25 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | S |
| 6,125 | 0.20 to 0.30 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | S or T |
| 6,130 | 0.25 to 0.35 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | T or U |
| 6,135 | 0.30 to 0.40 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | T or U |
| 6,140 | 0.35 to 0.45 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | T or U |
| 6,145 | 0.40 to 0.50 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | U |
| 6,150 | 0.45 to 0.55 | 0.50 to 0.80 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | U |
| 6,195 | 0.90 to 1.05 | 0.20 to 0.45 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.80 to 1.10 | 0.15 | U |
| S. A. E. Specification no. | Carbon (minimum and maximum) | Manganese (minimum and maximum) | Phosphorus (maximum) | Sulphur (maximum) | Silicon (minimum and maximum) | Heat treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9,250 | 0.45 to 0.55 | 0.60 to 0.80 | 0.045* | 0.045 | 1.80 to 2.10 | V |
| 9,260 | 0.55 to 0.65 | 0.50 to 0.70 | 0.045* | 0.045 | 1.50 to 1.80 | V |
* Steel made by the acid process may contain maximum 0.05 phosphorus.
LIBERTY MOTOR CONNECTING RODS
The requirements for materials for the Liberty motor connecting rods are so severe that the methods of securing the desired qualities will be of value in other lines. The original specifications called for chrome-nickel but the losses due to the difficulty of handling caused the Lincoln Motor Company to suggest the substitution of chrome-vanadium steel, and this was accepted by the Signal Corps. The rods were accordingly made from chromium-vanadium steel, containing carbon, 0.30 to 0.40 per cent; manganese, 0.50 to 0.80 per cent; phosphorus, not over 0.04 per cent; sulphur, not over 0.04 per cent; chromium, 0.80 to 1.10 per cent; vanadium, not less than 0.15 per cent. This steel is ordinarily known in the trade as 0.35 carbon steel, S. A. E., specification 6,135, which provides a first-rate quality steel for structural parts that are to be heat-treated. The fatigue resisting or endurance qualities of this material are excellent. It has a tensile strength of 150,000 lb. minimum per square inch; elastic limit, 115,000 lb. minimum per square inch; elongation, 5 per cent minimum in 2 in.; and minimum reduction in area, 25 per cent.
The original production system as outlined for the manufacturers had called for a heat treatment in the rough-forged state for the connecting rods, and then semi-machining the rod forgings before giving them the final treatment. The Lincoln Motor Company insisted from the first that the proper method would be a complete heat treatment of the forging in the rough state, and machining the rod after the heat treatment. After a number of trial lots, the Signal Corps acceded to the request and production was immediately increased and quality benefited by the change. This method was later included in a revised specification issued to all producers.
The original system was one that required a great deal of labor per unit output. The Lincoln organization developed a method of handling connecting rods whereby five workmen accomplished the same result that would have required about 30 or 32 by the original method. Even after revising the specification so as to allow complete heat treatments in the rough-forged state, the ordinary methods employed in heat-treating would have required 12 to 15 men. With the fixtures employed, five men could handle 1,300 connecting rods, half of which are plain and half, forked, in a working period of little over 7 hr.
Fig. 14.—Rack for holding rods.