The heading of the survey for Herefordshire[211] is as follows: 'Hic annotantur terras tenentes in [p185] Herefordscire et in Arcenefelde et in Walis.' And further on[212] we learn that—
'In Arcenefelde the king has 100 men less 4, who with their men have 73 teams, and give of custom 41 sextars of honey and 20s. instead of the sheep which they used to give, and 10s. for fumagium; nor do they give geld or other custom, except that they march in the king's army if it is so ordered to them. If a liber homo dies there, the king has his horse, with arms. From a villanus when he dies the king has one ox. King Grifin and Blein devastated this land in the time of King Edward, and so what it was then is not known.' Lagademar pertained to Arcenefelde in the time of King Edward, &c. There is a manor [at Arcenefelde] in which 4 liberi homines with 4 teams render 4 sextars of honey and 16d. of custom. Also a villa with its men and 6 teams, and a forest, rendering a half sextar of honey and 6d.
There are other instances of similar honey rents, e.g.—
In Chipeete 57 men with xix. teams render xv. sextars of honey and x. shillings.
In Cape v. Welshmen having v. teams render v. sextars of honey, and v. sheep with lambs, and xd.
In Mainaure one under-tenant having iv. teams renders vi. sextars of honey and x. s.
In Penebecdoc one under-tenant having iv. teams render vi. sextars of honey and x. s.
In Hulla xii. villani and xii. bordarii with xi. teams render xviii. sextars of honey.
Food rents and clusters of villas under a præpositus.
The distinctive points in these descriptions of the recently Welsh districts west and north of Tidenham are obviously (1) the prevalence of produce or food rents—honey, cows, sheep, pigs, &c.—honey being the most prominent item; (2) the absence of the word 'manor,' used everywhere else in the survey of Gloucestershire and Herefordshire; (3) the remarkable grouping in the district of Gwent of the 'villas' in batches of thirteen or fourteen, each batch under a separate præpositus. [p186]