The English Village Community / Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)

by Frederic Seebohm

[313.] See the surveys in the Record of Carnarvon.

[314.] To make a royal house more pretentious the bark is peeled off, and it is called 'the White House.' See Ancient Laws, &c., pp. 164 and 303.

[315.] See Ancient Laws, &c., p. 142.—Hall of the chief. 40d. for each gavael supporting the roof, i.e. six kolonon, 80d. for roof. Hall of uchelwe or tribesman, 20d. each gavael supporting the roof, i.e. six colonen, 40d. the roof. House of aillt or taeog, 10/d. for each gavael supporting the roof, i.e. six kolovyn. P. 351.—Worth of winter house, 30d. the roof-tree, 30d. each forck supporting the roof-tree. P. 676.—Three indispensables of the summer bothy (bwd havodwr)—a roof-tree (nen bren), roof-supporting forks (nen fyrch), and wattling (bangor). See also p. 288.

[316.] Compare description of Irish houses in Dr. Sullivan's Introduction, cccxlv. et seq., with the Venedotian Code. Ancient Laws, &c., of Wales, p. 5, s. vi.—'Of Appropriate Places.' Compare also the curious resemblances in the structure of stone huts in the Scotch islands where trees could not be used, and especially the position of the beds in the walls or in the rough aisles.—Mitchell's Past in the Present, Lecture III. Compare Dr. Guest's description of the Celtic houses. Origines Celticæ, ii. 70–83.

[317.] Id.

[318.] Ancient Laws, &c., p. 3.

[319.] See Ancient Laws, &c., p. 142.

[320.] Compare Strabo's description of the Gallic houses, 'great houses, arched, constructed of planks and wicker and covered with a heavy thatched roof' (iv. c. iv. s. 3). Also for the early stake and wattle German houses, see Tacitus (Germania, xvi.), and the interesting section (Bk. i. s. 4) on the subject in Dr. Karl von Inama-Sternegg's Deutsche Wirthschaftsgeschichte. Leipzig, 1879.

[321.] See the Record of Carnarvon, Introduction, p. vii. Wele, Gwele, or Gwely in Welsh signifies a bed, and accordingly in these extents it is often called in Latin Lectus. See pp. 90, 95–99, 101.

[322.] See supra, and the lists given of the names of townlands and their meanings in Shirley's Hist. of Co. Monaghan, pp. 392–542.