In another, A.D. 761,[478] the monks of St. Gall regrant a 'villa' called 'Zozinvilare' to the original maker of the surrender at the following census, viz. xxx. siclas of beer and xl. loaves, a friscinga, and two hens, with this addition—'In quisqua sicione[479] thou shalt plough saigata una (one selion?) and reap this and carry it into [the yard], and in one day (jurno)[480] thou shalt cut it, and in another gather it and carry it, as aforesaid.'
In the surrender of a holding 'in villa qui dicitur Wicohaim,[481] the census is . . . siclas of beer, xx. maldra of bread and a frisginga, and work at the stated time at harvest and at hay-time, two days in reaping the harvest and cutting the hay, and in early spring one "jurnalis" at ploughing, and in the month of June to break up [brachan] another, [p320] and in autumn to plough and sow it—this is the census for that villa.'
Like those described by Salvian.
These grants were clearly surrenders by freemen like those described by Salvian, which carried with them whatever coloni or servi there were upon the land.
Thus, under date 771,[482] a priest gives to the monks all his property in villa Ailingas and another place, except two servi and five yokes of land; and in another place he gives 'servum unum cum hoba sua et filiis suis et cum uxore sua.' The hoba was clearly the 'hub' or yard-land of the serf, and it, he and his wife and children were all granted over by their lord to the abbey.
In the same year 771[483] a man named Chunibertus and his wife surrendered an estate called Chuniberteswilari, and it is described as including just what a Roman villa would include, i.e. the villa itself (casa), surrounded by its court (curte circumclausa), together with buildings, slaves, arable land, meadows, fields, &c., &c. And yet in this case also he retains possession 'sub usu fructuario' during his life, paying the same kind of census as in the other cases—xx. siclas of beer, a maldra of bread, and a frisking.
Likeness of the census and services to the Saxon 'gafol' and 'gafolyrth.'
Now, it will at once be seen how like is the census described in these charters to the Saxon gafol of the 'Rectitudines,' and of the manors of Tidenham or Hysseburne. There is distinctly the gafol, and in many cases the gafolyrth also, but no mention of the week-work. Add this, and there would be an almost exact likeness to Saxon serfdom.
But it will be remembered that even under the [p321] laws of Ine the week-work was not added to the gafol unless the lord provided not only the yard-land, but also the homestead. These surrenders were surrenders by freemen of their own land and homesteads. It was hardly likely that the more servile week-work should be added to their census. How it would fare with their children when they sought to succeed their parents in the now servile holding is quite another thing.
New serf created and 'week work' added.