'Gewann.'
The usual word in Middle and South Germany is 'Gewende,' in Lower Germany 'Wande' or 'Wanne,' or 'Gewann'—words which no less than the Furlong[580] refer to the length of the furrow and the turning of the plough at the end of it.
Headland.
The headland, on which the plough was turned, [p381] is also found in the German three-field system as in England.
'Voracker.'
In a Frankish document quoted by Dr. Landau, it is called the 'Voracker,' elsewhere it is known as the 'Anwänder' (versura), or 'Vorwart.' [581]
The Lince called 'Rain.'
In the English system the furlongs were divided into strips or acres by turf balks left in the ploughing, and, as we have seen, on hill-sides, the strips became terraces, and the balks steep banks called 'linces.' It will be remembered that these were produced by the practice of always turning the sod downhill in the ploughing. There are many linces as far north as in the district of the 'Teutoberger Wald,' [582] and they occur in great numbers as far south as the Inn Valley, all the way up to St. Mauritz and Pontresina. Although in many places the terraces in the Engadine are now grass-land, it is well known to the peasantry that they were made by ancient ploughing.
The German word for the turf slope of these terraces is 'Rain,' and, like the word balk, it means a strip of unploughed turf.[583] It is sometimes used for the terrace itself. Precisely the same word is used for the similar terraces in the Dales of Yorkshire, which are still called by the Dalesmen 'reeans' or 'reins.' [584] Terraces of the same kind are found in [p382] Scotland; and when Pennant in 1772 asked what they were called, he was told that they were 'baulks.' [585]
The Celtic Rhan.