[212] Three marks are double 12 ores.
[213] See the instances of services of sochemen given by Mr. Round in his invaluable chapter on the Domesday book in his Feudal England, pp. 30-34, from the ‘Ely placitum’ of 1072-1075: ‘Qui quotiens abbas preceperit in anno arabunt suam terram’ &c. And again quotienscunque ipse præceperit in anno arabunt’ &c. These are services of the sochemanni of Suffolk and Norfolk ‘qui non possunt recedere.’
[214] Cf. Ine, 74. The xls. to be paid for the ‘Waliscus’ slave who had committed homicide may be double value by way of penalty.
[215] Laws of Cnut, s. 63 and s. 66.
[216] Mr. Keary’s Introduction to the Catalogue of the Coins in the British Museum, Anglo-Saxon series, vol. ii. p. lxxxi.
[217] Engel, vol. ii. p. 849 et seq.
[218] Introduction, vol. ii. p. lvii.
[219] The word is used in the sense of mint-master or money coiner. See Du Cange, sub voce ‘Monetarius.’
[220] The Anglo-Saxon pound of 240 pence or 364 grammes divided by fifteen = 24·2 grammes.
[221] The normal weight of the English penny of 32 wheat-grains was 1·51 grammes. The coins of Cnut’s predecessors sometimes fully reached this standard, though oftener somewhat below it. The exact weight of 1/20 of the Danish ore would be 1·21 grammes, and Cnut’s silver pence seem to aim at this weight. Out of 574 silver pence of Cnut described in the Catalogue of the British Museum 400 weigh between ·972 and 1·23 grammes. Only 1½ per cent. are of greater weight. Ethelred’s silver pence were not by any means generally of full standard of 32 wheat-grains or 1·51 grammes, but still, out of 339 in the British Museum 25 per cent. are fairly up to this standard and 90 per cent. are above the weight of the new silver pence of Cnut—1/20 of his ore. Cnut also reduced the size of the pence. See the B. M. Catalogue plates.