[18] Libro Primero de Casamientos de el Paso del Norte, fol. 12, cited by Bandelier, Final Report, pt. II, p. 267.
[19] See Vetancurt (Cronica, p. 325, reprint 1871), who says: “San Gabriel Abbo [Abó] tiene su sitio en el Valle de las Salinas.... Tiene dos pueblos pequeños, Tenabo y Tabira, con ochocientas personas que administraba un religioso: hasta aqui llega la administracion hácia el Oriente, aunque quince leguas de allí hay algunos xumanas, que eran de Quarac [Quarrá or Cuaraí] administrados.” This would indicate that these Christian Jumano were settled a number of miles east of their old villages or rancherias at the Mesa de los Jumanos, which is only 10 or 15 miles in a straight course east of the ruins of Abó. Vetancurt, however, who wrote in 1692, lost sight of the fact that all the pueblos of the Salinas country had been abandoned on account of Apache depredations prior to the revolt of 1680, hence there is little likelihood that the Jumano neophytes remained.
[20] Vetancurt, Cronica, pp. 302–305.
[21] See Escalante, op. cit., p. 311, and compare Bandelier, Final Report, pt. I, pp. 80–81, 85, 167, 246. I do not find any substantial evidence that the Julimes and the Jumanos were identical, or that the various small tribes mentioned in Spanish documents of the period were in any way related to the latter. Of the languages of the myriad small tribes mentioned in the annals of Texas, practically nothing is known. Fray Nicolas Lopez recorded a vocabulary of the Jumano language in 1684, but it has disappeared.
[22] Born in the Jumano pueblo of New Mexico, according to Confessiones y Declaraciones, etc., 1683, cited by Bandelier, Final Report, pt. I, p. 132.
[23] Escalante’s Letter (1778) translated in Land of Sunshine, Los Angeles, vol. XII, no. 5, April, 1900, p. 309. Confirmatory of this account is the mention of the same Juan Sabeata, of the Jumana tribe living on the Rio Nueces, three days’ journey eastward from the mouth of the Conchos, by Cruzati, evidently Governor Cruzat or Cruzate of New Mexico, who assumed the office in 1683. Sabeata refers to thirty-six tribes that lived on the Rio Nueces in 1683 (Cruzati in Mendoza, Viage, manuscript in Archivo General of Mexico, kindly communicated by Professor H. E. Bolton, now of Leland Stanford Junior University).
[24] Final Report, pt. I, pp. 168, 169. Bandelier quotes an early document to the effect that “as late as 1697 a Jumano Indian, a female described as ‘a striated one of the Jumano nation,’ was sold at Santa Fé for a house of three rooms and a small tract of land besides. This woman had been sold to the Spaniards by other Indians, who had captured her.”
[25] Quoted by Bandelier, Contributions to the History of the Southwestern Portion of the United States, p. 181, 1890; also Final Report, pt. I, p. 168, 1890. See also Bancroft, Arizona and New Mexico, 222, 1889.
[26] Bandelier, Contributions, Arch. Inst. Papers, Am. Ser., V, 183–184, 1890; Bancroft, Arizona and New Mexico, 222, 236, 237, 1889. The Quartelejo is here reported to have been 130 leagues from Santa Fé.
[27] Bancroft, History of Arizona and New Mexico, states, on the authority of Padre Niel, that about the year 1700 two little French girls had been ransomed from the Navaho, and that in 1698 “the French had almost annihilated a Navaho force of 4,000 men.” The latter statement is probably an error, while in regard to the former the Navaho probably obtained the French girls from some other tribe, perhaps their kindred, the Apache.