[15], [19], [20], [26], [28], [30], [33], [37], [38], [44], [52], [53], [55], [57], [58], [65], [70], [71], [72], [75], [84], [85], [87], [93], [96-107], [118], [121], [123], [126], [134], [155], [162], [185], [334], [348], [349], [362], [376]; ii. 48, 55, 59, 214
Plutarch, i. [156], [182], [187], [349], [363], [376]; ii. 43
Polar Sea, i. [169], [172], [195-6], [213], [283], [303]; ii. 145, 164, 165, 166, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 238
Polo, Marco, ii. 288, 289
Polus (equinoctial dial), i. [46], [48]
Polybius, i. [43], [44], [45], [52], [56], [66], [67], [73], [74], [78], [80]; ii. 160
Pontoppidan, Erich, i. [375]
Porthan, H. G., i. [179]
Portolani, ii. 216
Portuguese adventurers, Arab tale of, ii. 51-5
Portuguese chart of about 1520, at Munich, ii. 353, 354, 355, 356
Portuguese, maritime enterprise of, ii. 292-3, 345, 377
Posidonius, i. [14], [23], [27], [52], [79], [115]; ii. 292, 297
Pothorst, associate of Pining, ii. 123-9, 133, 345
Priscianus Cæsariensis, i. [123]
Procopius, i. [60], [94], [132], [134], [138], [139-50], [154], [194], [203], [372]
Promised Land (see [Tír Tairngiri] and [Terra Repromissionis])
Provisioning of Viking ships, i. [268-9]
Psalter map, ii. 187, 188
Ptolemy, i. [26], [38], [44], [72], [75], [76], [79], [93], [99], [102], [111], [112], [115-22], [128], [130], [131], [132], [142], [143], [144], [246], [349]; ii. 182, 194, 195, 197, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212, 220, 236, 249, 250, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 275, 277, 278, 279, 280, 292
Puebla, Ruy Gonzales de, Spanish Ambassador to Henry VII., ii. 300, 324, 325
Pullè and Longhena, ii. 230
Purchas his Pilgrimes, ii. 126
Pygmies, ii. 17, 75, 76, 85, 86, 111, 117, 206, 255, 263, 269, 270
Pythagoras, i. [11], [12]
Pytheas, i. [2], [29], [38], [41], [43-73], [74], [75], [77], [78], [80], [81], [82], [90], [92], [97], [100], [106], [116], [165], [172], [193], [234], [246];
date of his voyage, i. [44];
his astronomical measurements, i. [45];
his ship, i. [48];
in Britain, i. [50];
in Thule, i. [53];
on the sea beyond Thule, i. [65];
voyage along the coast of Germania, i. [69]
Qazwînî, i. [187], [284]; ii. 57, 144, 156, 202, 209-11, 234
Qodâma, ii. 198
Querini’s travels in Norway (1432), ii. 177, 286
Qvigstad, J. K., i. [173], [220], [221], [226], [228], [229], [372]; ii. 210
Rafn, C., i. [304], [340]; ii. 31, 33, 193
Ragnaricii (see [Ranrike]), i. [136]
Râkâ, island in Arab myth, ii. 207-8
Ramusio, G. B., ii. 298, 303, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 354, 364
Ranii, i. [136], [137]
Ranisch, W., i. [18]
Ranrike, i. [136]
Rask, R., i. [179]
Raumarici (see [Romerike]), i. [136]
Ravenna geographer, The, i. [144], [152-4], [203]
Ravenstein, E. G., ii. 287, 289
Ravn Hlymreks-farer, i. [354], [366]
Reeves, A. M., i. [267], [322]; ii. 30
Reinach, S., i. [26], [27]
Reindeer, i. [175], [176], [191], [204], [212], [217], [226], [227], [230], [276], [277]
Reindeer-Lapps, i. [61], [190], [204], [205], [207], [218], [220-32]; ii. 269
Reinel, Pedro, map by, ii. 321, 322, 358, 364, 370, 371, 374, 376, 377
Rheims mappamundi in MS. of Mela, ii. 282-3
Rhipæan, or Riphæan, Mountains, i. [13], [16], [79], [81], [88], [89], [98], [101], [128], [189], [190], [191], [194], [200]; ii. 223
Riant, Paul, ii. 55
Ribero, Diego, map of 1529, ii. 315, 335, 356, 357, 359
Rietz, i. [373]
Rimbertus, i. [167]
Rink, H., ii. 8, 69, 70, 71, 106
Rock-carvings, Scandinavian, i. [236-41], [245]
Rodulf, Norwegian king, i. [129], [132], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [143], [147]
Roger II., Norman king of Sicily, ii. 202, 203
Rohde, E., ii. 57, 58, 234
Rök-stone, The, i. [138], [148]
Rolf of Raudesand, i. [264], [315]
Romerike, i. [136]
Romsdal, i. [136], [137], [147]
Rördan, Holger (Monumenta Historiæ Danicæ), ii. 129
Ross, H., i. [341], [352]; ii. 13, 171
Rudimentum Novitiorum, Map in, ii. 32;
geography in, ii. 189
Rûm (Eastern and Central Europe), ii. 197, 209, 211
Rûs (Scandinavians in Russia), ii. 196, 197, 198, 199
Rusbeas, or Rubeas, promontory, i. [99-100], [102]
Russia (see also [Bjarmeland]), i. [185], [187], [188], [191], [214], [383]; ii. 141, 143, 164, 174, 195, 196, 197, 206
Ruste, Ibn, ii. 146, 198
Ruysch’s map (1508), i. [262]; ii, 289
Rydberg, Viktor, i. [156], [158]
Ryger (Ruger, Rugii), i. [136], [138], [147], [179], [209], [246]
Rygh, K., i. [173], [304], [323], [324], [369]
Rygh, O., i. [304], [324], [374]; ii. 211
Rymbegla, i. [188], [249], [287], [322], [335]; ii. 11, 167, 170, 239, 240, 256, 260, 263, 264, 271, 272
Sabalingii, i. [72], [118]
Sævo, Mons, (or Suevus), i. [85], [101], [102]
Sa’id, Ibn, ii. 177, 208-9
Sailing-directions, Icelandic, i. [262], [285], [288], [290]; ii. 166, 168-71, 261
St. John, Island of, on sixteenth-century maps, ii. 320-1, 377
St. John, Valley of, New Brunswick, i. [335]; ii. 3, 5
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, ii. 68
Sallust, i. [349]; ii. 183, 186;
“Sallust map” at Geneva, ii. 282, 283
Samoyeds, i. [212], [223]; ii. 143, 146, 175
Samson Fagre’s Saga, ii. 172
Sanali (long-eared), i. [91], [92]
San-Marte, i. [365]
Santa Cruz, Alonso de, ii. 332
Sanudo, Marino, ii. 222-5, 227, 262, 272, 282
Sargasso Sea, i. [40]
Sarmatia, Sarmatians (Slavs), i. [87], [91], [95], [97], [101], [109], [113], [120], [170]
Sars, J. E., i. [234], [258]
Säve, P. A., i. [374]
Savolotchie (the country on the Dvina), ii. 141-2
Saxo Grammaticus, i. [193], [206], [355], [364]; ii. 101, 147, 165-6, 221, 222-3, 224, 227, 238, 242, 258, 259, 263
Saxons, i. [145], [153], [154], [180], [235], [242], [245]
“Scadinavia,” or “Scatinavia,” i. [93], [101], [102-4], [105], [155], [156]
“Scandia” (“Scandza”), i. [102-4], [106], [107], [119], [120], [130-1], [136], [142-4], [153], [155]; ii. 254, 257
Scandinavia, regarded as a peninsula, i. [185]; ii. 222;
as an island, ii. 186, 188, 225;
representation of, in mediæval cartography, ii. 221-5, 227, 234-6, 250, 258-69, 285, 286;
geography of, in Northern writers, ii. 237-9
Schafarik, i. [185]
Schanz, M., i. [83]
Schiern, F., i. [191]
Schirmer, G., ii. 44
Schlaraffenland, i. [352]
Schliemann, H., i. [24]
Schönnerböl, ii. 152, 153
Schoolcraft, H. R., ii. 7
Schrader, O., i. [24], [34], [36]
Schröder, C., i. [360]; ii. 9, 19, 43, 44, 50
Schübeler, Prof., ii. 5
Schuchhardt, C., i. [14]
Schultz-Lorentzen, ii. 73
Sciringesheal (Skiringssal), i. [179], [247]
Scirri (Skirer), i. [101], [179], [247]
Scisco, Dr. L. D., ii. 43
Scolvus, Johannes, ii. 129-33
Scotland, i. [161]; ii. 204;
Pytheas in, i. [53-6];
in mediæval cartography, ii. 221, 257
Scottish runners, Karlsevne’s, i. [321], [324-5], [337], [339-43]; ii. 65
Scythia, Scythians, i. [13], [16], [19], [20], [23], [69], [70], [71], [81], [85], [87], [88], [89], [95], [97], [98], [99], [101], [114], [153], [154], [185], [187]
Sealand, i. [93], [94], [103], [105], [138];
in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 254, 255, 257, 265
Seals, Sealing, i. [177], [216-9], [224], [276-8], [286-7], [299], [300]; ii. 72, 91, 97, 155, 156, 165, 173, 243
“Sea-lung,” i. [66-7]
Sébillot, P., i. [377]
Seippel, Prof. Alexander, ii. 143, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211
Seleucus, i. [77]
Semnones, i. [85]
Sena, island off Brittany, i. [29], [356]; ii. 32, 47
Seneca, i. [82], [84]
Seres, Serica (China), ii. 262, 271
“Sermende” (== Sarmatians ?), i. [170]
Sertorius, i. [349-50]
Setälä, Prof. E., i. [219]; ii. 175
Seven Cities, Isle of the, ii. 293, 295, 304, 325
Seven Sleepers, Legend of the, i. [20], [156], [284]
Severianus, i. [127]
Shetland Isles, i. [52-3], [57], [58], [67], [90], [106], [107], [117], [161], [163], [179], [192], [234], [257], [292], [374]; ii. 207;
in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 228, 266
Ship-burials, i. [239], [241]
Ships, Egyptian, i. [7], [23], [235], [237], [242], [243];
Greek, i. [48-9], [235], [237], [242], [243], [245];
Phœnician, i. [35], [237], [243], [245];
early Scandinavian, i. [110], [236-44];
Viking, i. [236], [238], [241], [242], [243], [246-7];
in Greenland, i. [305]
Shîrazî, ii. 211-2
“Síd” (Irish fairies), i. [356], [371]; ii. 16, 20, 45-6, 60
Sigurd Stefansson’s map of the North, ii. 7
Simonssön, Jón, i. [227]
Sinclair, Legends of, in Norway, i. [339-41]
Sindbad, i. [159]; ii. 57, 234
Siret, L., i. [22], [24], [29]
Sitones, i. [111-2]
Skaði, Norse goddess, i. [103], [207]
Skáld-Helga Rimur, i. [298-9], [300]
Skåne, i. [72], [103], [104], [180];
in mediæval cartography, ii. 221, 222, 235, 257, 258, 267, 285
Skaw, The, i. [85], [100], [105], [186]; ii. 204
Ski-running, i. [149], [157], [158], [203], [223]; ii. 139
Skolte-Lapps, i. [214], [220], [231]
Skrælings, in Greenland, i. [260], [298], [308], [312], [327]; ii. 17, 77-90, 101, 108, 111, 117;
in Wineland, i. [260], [312], [313], [327-30], [368]; ii. 6-11, 26, 60, 90-3, 206, 208;
in Markland, i. [329]; ii. 15, 19, 20, 92-3;
in Helluland, ii. 35;
originally mythical beings, ii. 11-20, 26, 60, 75-6;
meaning of the word, ii. 13;
called Pygmæi, ii. 12, 17, 75, 270
Skridfinns (Screrefennæ, Scrithifini, Rerefeni, Scritobini, Scride-Finnas, Scritefini), i. [131-2], [140], [143], [144], [149-50], [153-4], [156-7], [170], [189], [191], [194], [198], [203-8], [210], [221], [222], [223], [382]; ii. 139, 192
Skull-measurements, of Scandinavians, i. [209], [211];
of Lapps, i. [219-20];
of Eskimo, ii. 67
Slavs (see also [Sarmatians]), i. [167], [188], [208], [209], [210]; ii. 142, 143, 197, 198
Sleswick, i. [70], [72], [101], [119], [179], [180]; ii. 202, 204
Sluggish sea, outside the Pillars of Hercules, and in the North, i. [38], [40-1], [68], [83], [100], [108], [112-3], [130], [165]
Smith Sound, i. [304], [306]; ii. 71, 72, 73, 74
“Smörland” as a name for fairyland, i. [374]
Snæbjörn, Galti, i. [264], [280]
Snæfell (Greenland), i. [267], [308], [310]
Snæfellsnes (Iceland), i. [257], [262], [267], [288], [290], [293], [294], [295]
Snedgus and Mac Riagail, Voyage of, ii. 53-4
Snorre Sturlason, i. [270], [273]; ii. 18, 64, 137, 239
Snorre Thorbrandsson, Wineland voyager, i. [313], [319], [320], [326], [327], [333]
Söderberg, Prof. Sven, on Wineland, ii. 63-5
Solberg, Dr. O., i. [213], [214], [217], [219], [230], [306]; ii. 72, 73, 103
Soleri map (1385), ii. 229
Solinus, C. Julius, i. [52], [55], [57], [64], [66], [99], [123], [126], [151], [160], [184], [189], [193], [348]
Soncino, Raimondo di, Milanese Minister in London, ii. 296-7, 298, 301, 302, 303-5, 306, 307, 308, 309, 312, 314, 316, 323
Sörensen, S. A., i. [179]
Spain, tin in, i. [23], [31];
suggested origin of the name of, i. [380];
Viking raids in, ii. 199, 200
Spherical form of the earth, Doctrine of, i. [11], [97], [126], [127], [151], [194], [199]; ii. 185, 247
Spies, in land of Canaan, i. [339]
Spitzbergen, i. [248]; ii. 165, 168, 170, 172, 173, 179, 238
Steensby, H. P., ii. 69, 70
Steenstrup, Japetus, i. [172]
Steenstrup, Johannes, ii. 161, 162
Stenkyrka (Gotland), Stone from, i. [239], [243]
Stjórn (Norwegian version of Old Testament), i. [338]; ii. 4
Stokes, Whitley, i. [357]
Storm, Gustav, i. [132], [174], [196], [218], [228], [254], [255], [260], [284], [285], [292], [301], [305], [313], [314], [317], [321], [322], [324], [329], [333], [369]; ii. 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 35, 36, 43, 47, 48, 75, 79, 82, 86, 90, 93, 99, 100, 101, 107, 111, 112, 114, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 129, 131, 136, 137, 141, 147, 150, 153, 158, 167, 168, 229, 235, 237, 240, 242, 249, 250, 256, 257, 258, 262, 267, 268, 270, 272, 279, 289, 294
Stow, John, Chronicle, ii. 333
Strabo, i. [14], [15], [20], [23], [24], [27], [28], [38], [42], [43], [44], [45], [50], [52], [53], [55], [56], [57], [61], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [69], [70], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [80-2], [87], [111], [112], [161], [187], [349]; ii. 47, 75, 160, 201
Straumsfjord (Wineland), i. [325], [326], [329], [330], [337], [343], [345]
Ström, Han (Description of Söndmör), i. [370], [375]
Strong Men, Island of, ii. 43, 46, 50, 61
Sturlubók, i. [255], [256], [257], [261], [262], [293], [331], [354], [367], [368]; ii. 169, 261
Styx, i. [359], [372]
“Suehans” (see [Svear]), i. [135], [137]
Sueones (see [Svear]), i. [188-9]
“Suetidi,” i. [136], [137]
Suevi (Suebi), i. [87], [108-9]
Suhm (Historie af Danmark), ii. 154
Suiones (see [Svear]), i. [110-2], [236], [238], [244], [245]
Sun-dial, i. [46-7]
Sun’s altitude, measurement of, i. [249], [250], [309-11]; ii. 307
Svalbard (Spitzbergen ?), ii. 165, 166-73, 238
Svear (Swedes, Suiones, Suehans, Sveones, Sueones), i. [110-2], [135], [137], [167], [170], [188-9]; ii. 190
Svein Estridsson, King of Denmark, i. [184], [188], [189], [195], [201], [383]; ii. 148
Sverdrup, Otto, i. [306]; ii. 70, 71
Sviatoi Nos, promontory, i. [171], [174]; ii. 136, 138, 140, 155
Svinöi, name of island off Sunnmör, i. [369-70], [378];
island off Nordland, i. [378];
island in the Faroes, i. [375], [378];
probable origin of the name, i. [378]
Sweden, i. [71], [101], [112], [134-5], [178], [187], [188-9], [210], [381], [383]; ii. 190, 205, 237;
in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 221, 222, 223
Swedes (see [Svear] and [Göter])
Swedish legends and fairy-tales, ii. 55-6
Sydow, C. W. von, i. [342], [364]
Tacitus, i. [69], [71], [83], [95], [104], [107-14], [131], [144], [149], [150], [203], [236], [238], [244], [245]; ii. 47
Tanais (the Don), i. [66], [70], [78], [88], [151]; ii. 186
Tarducci, F., ii. 295, 304, 319
Tarsis (Tarshish, Tartessos), i. [24], [28], [31], [38]
Tartarus, i. [11], [68], [158]; ii. 150, 240
Tartûshi, at-, i. [187]; ii. 202
Tastris, promontory, i. [101], [105]
Terfinnas, i. [171], [173-5], [204], [213], [218]; ii. 146
“Terra del Rey de portuguall” on Cantino map, ii. 352, 363, 372;
== Newfoundland, ii. 363, 370
“Terra Repromissionis Sanctorum,” i. [357], [358], [359], [363], [364]; ii. 19, 228
Teutones, i. [70], [72], [91], [93], [94]
Thalbitzer, W., ii. 19, 67, 70, 73, 88, 90, 93
Thales of Miletus, i. [12], [33], [34], [47]
Theodoric, King of the Goths, i. [128], [129], [136], [137], [138], [147]
Theopompus, i. [12], [16], [17], [355]
Thietmar of Merseburg, i. [229]
Thomsen, V., ii. 175, 198, 199
Thor, i. [325], [333], [341], [343], [364];
“Thor-” names, i. [332-3]; ii. 51
Thorbjörn Vivilsson, i. [318], [319], [320], [332]
Thorbrand Snorrason, killed in Wineland, i. [313], [328], [333]; ii. 10
Thore Hund’s expedition to Bjarmeland, ii. 137-8
Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney, i. [354]; ii. 50
Thorgils Orrabeinsfostre, sails to Greenland, i. [280-2]; ii. 81, 89
Thorgunna, Leif’s mistress, i. [316], [333]
Thorhall Gamlason, Wineland voyager, i. [313], [319], [320], [333], [367]
Thorhall the Hunter, i. [296], [320], [321], [325-6], [329], [333], [338], [343-4]; ii. 24
Thorkel Gellisson, i. [253], [258], [260], [313], [354], [366], [367], [368]; ii. 42
Thormod Kolbrunarskald, i. [276]; ii. 18
Thorne, Robert, ii. 324, 341;
map by, 334, 335
Thoroddssen, Th., i. [262]; ii. 225
Thorolf Kveldulfsson, i. [175], [231]
Thorolf Smör, i. [257], [374]
Thorsdrápa, i. [219]
Thorstein Ericson, i. [249], [317-9], [320], [321], [331], [333];
attempts to find Wineland, i. [318]
Thorvald Ericson, i. [318], [320], [329], [332]; ii. 4, 13, 17-8
Thorvard, Wineland voyager, i. [320], [332]
Three Brethren, Strait of the, ii. 130, 133
Thue, H. J., i. [60]
Thule (Tyle, Thyle, Ultima Tile, &c.), i. [123], [134], [147]; ii. 75, 149, 188, 192, 197, 198, 200;
visited by Pytheas, i. [53-64];
derivation of, i. [58-9];
== Norway, i. [60];
Mela on, i. [92];
Pliny on, i. [106];
Tacitus, i. [108];
Ptolemy, i. [117], [120], [121];
Jordanes, i. [130];
Procopius, i. [140-4];
Solinus MSS., i. [160-1];
Adam of Bremen, i. [193-4];
Dicuil on (== Iceland), i. [164-7];
Tjodrik Monk (== Iceland), i. [254];
Historia Norwegiæ (== Iceland), i. [255];
in mediæval cartography, ii. 219, 228, 257, 266, 268, 269
Thyssagetæ, i. [88]
Tides, on W. coast of France, i. [40];
observed by Pytheas, i. [50];
on coast of N. America, ii. 316
Timæus, i. [44], [51], [70], [71]
Tin in ancient times, i. [23-31];
derivation of Greek, Celtic and Latin words for, i. [25-7];
tin-trade in southern Britain, i. [68]
“Tír fo-Thuin” (Land under Wave), i. [358], [370], [373]
“Tír Mor” (The Great Land), i. [357], [367]; ii. 48
“Tír na Fer Finn” (the White Men’s Land), ii. 44
“Tír na m-Ban” (Land of Women), i. [354], [355]
“Tír na m-Beo” (Land of the Living), i. [357], [371]
“Tír na n-Ingen” (Land of Virgins), i. [355], [356], [363]; ii. 45
“Tír na n-Og” (Land of Youth), i. [357]
“Tír Tairngiri” (Promised Land), i. [357]; ii. 228
Tjodhild, wife of Eric the Red, i. [267], [270], [318], [331]
Tjodrik Monk, i. [166], [254], [255], [256], [257]
Toby, Maurice, Bristol chronicle, ii. 302, 305-6
Torfæus, Tormodus, ii. 7, 32, 34, 154, 241
Torlacius (Gudbrand Torlaksson), ii. 241
Torp, Prof. Alf, i. [25], [26], [27], [58], [59], [94], [107], [148], [181], [183], [210], [304], [361], [371]; ii. 13, 14, 228
Toscanelli, ii. 287, 292, 296, 372
Trade-routes to the North in ancient times, i. [14], [21-2], [28], [31], [36], [75], [96]
“Trág Mór” (the Great Strand), i. [339], [357], [371]; ii. 48
Triads, in legend, i. [337-8]; ii. 6
Triquetrum (regula Ptolemaica), i. [47]
Trolls, attributes of, i. [327], [344]; ii. 10, 14-6, 19, 76
Trondhjem, i. [192]; ii. 85, 117, 177, 205, 227, 235, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270
Troy, Bronze in, i. [24], [25]
Turcæ, i. [88]
Tylor, E. B., i. [380]
Tyrker (in Wineland story), i. [341], [343-4], [360]; ii. 4
Ua Corra, Navigation of the Sons of, i. [338-9], [355], [361]; ii. 20
Unger, C. R., i. [331], [338], [360]
Unipeds (Einfötingar, Ymantopodes), i. [189], [329]; ii. 11, 13, 17, 263
Urus (aurochs), i. [191]
“Uttara Kuru,” i. [19], [351]
Vandals, i. [247]
Vangensten, O., i. [226]; ii. 85, 111, 233, 268, 286
Van Linschoten, i. [376]
Varanger Fjord, i. [213], [214], [217], [219], [220]; ii. 178, 210-11
Varangians’ Sea (see [Warank]), ii. 210, 211, 212, 213
Vardöhus fortress, ii. 126, 127, 141
Varzuga, river, i. [174]; ii. 135
Vaux, C. de, ii. 213
Velleius, i. [85]
Venedi (Wends), i. [101], [113]
Vener, Lake, i. [131]; ii. 266
Veneti, i. [39], [40], [242]
Venusberg myth, i. [355], [371]
Verrazano’s map of 1529, ii. 335
Vesconte, Perrinus, map of 1327, ii. 229;
atlas of 1321, ii. 230
Vesconte, Pietro, ii. 222-5, 230, 255, 257, 258, 259, 276, 282, 283, 284, 285
Vigfússon, Gudbrand, i. [258], [314]
Viking expeditions, the earliest, i. [234-5];
in Spain, ii. 200
Vikings, origin of the name, i. [244], [245]
Viladeste, Mecia de, compass-chart of 1413, ii. 234
“Villuland” (Norse land of glamour), i. [377]; ii. 206
Vincent of Beauvais, ii. 158
Vine, Wild, (Vitus vulpina), in N. America, i. [317]; ii. 3-4
“Vinili,” i. [136]
“Vinoviloth,” i. [136], [203]
Virgil, i. [130], [157], [159], [363]
Vistula, i. [71], [75], [95], [96], [101], [104], [119], [120], [121], [130], [131], [181]
Vogel, i. [235]
Volga, ii. 142, 143, 144, 146, 197
Voyage of 1267, to the north of Baffin’s Bay, i. [250], [307-11]; ii. 82, 83, 88
Wackernagel, W., ii. 32, 189
Walkendorf, Archbishop Eric, ii. 86, 112, 117, 163, 174
Walrus, ii. 112, 155, 163, 165, 243;
hunting, i. [172], [176-8], [212], [216], [221], [276-8], [287], [300]; ii. 72, 163-4, 173-8;
tusks, i. [172], [176], [192], [212], [217], [277], [300], [303]; ii. 163, 174;
hide for ropes, i. [172], [176], [212], [277], [303]; ii. 164, 178
Walsperger, Andreas, mappamundi by, ii. 283, 284, 286
Warank, Varyag, Varangi (Arab, Russian and Greek name for Scandinavians), ii. 196, 199, 200, 210-1
Wattenzone, Die, i. [68]
Welcher, F. G., i. [371]
Wends, i. [101], [113], [169], [180]
Western Settlement of Greenland, i. [266], [271], [272], [300], [301], [302], [307], [311], [321], [322], [334]; ii. 71, 90;
decline of, ii. 95-100, 102, 106, 107-111;
visit of Ivar Bárdsson to, ii. 108
West-sæ̂, i. [169], [170]
Whales, Whaling, i. [251]; ii. 145, 173;
in Bay of Biscay, i. [39]; ii. 159, 161;
in Normandy, ii. 159, 161;
Norwegian, i. [172]; ii. 155-9, 178, 243;
in Greenland, i. [276], [277]; ii. 72;
in Ireland, ii. 156;
in the Mediterranean, ii. 162;
in legend, i. [325-6], [344], [363], [364]; ii. 213, 234
Whirlpools (see
[Maelstrom])
White Men’s Land, The (see [Hvítra-manna-land], and [Tír na Fer Finn])
White Sea, i. [169], [171], [172], [174], [175], [218-9], [222]; ii. 135-42, 164, 173, 179, 237
Wichmann, Prof., i. [219]
Wîdsîð, i. [234]
Wieland, C. M., i. [352], [362]; ii. 54, 150
Wieser, von, ii. 249
Wiklund, K. B., i. [112]; ii. 175
“Wildlappenland,” i. [226]; ii. 256, 263, 268;
“Wildlappmanni,” ii. 269, 270
Wilhelmi, ii. 366
Wille, Prof. N., ii. 3
William of Malmesbury, i. [378]
Wilse, J. N., i. [352]
Wineland (Vínland, Vinland, Vindland, Winland, Wyntlandia, etc.), i. [184], [195], [196-8], [201], [249], [260], [273], [312-84]; ii. 1-65, 90-3, 110, 154, 188, 190-1, 228, 239, 240, 293, 294, 304;
called “the Good,” i. [313], [353], [369], [373]; ii. 60;
vines and wheat in, i. [195], [197-8], [317], [325], [326-7], [345-53], [382-3]; ii. 3-6, 59;
== the Fortunate Isles, i. [345-53], [382-4]; ii. 1-2, 61;
authorities for the Wineland voyages, i. [312-3];
discovered by Leif Ericson, i. [317];
Karlsevne’s voyage, i. [320-30];
Irish origin of ideas of, i. [167], [258], [353-69]; ii. 60;
the name of, i. [353], [367]; ii. 61;
summary of conclusions on, ii. 58-62
Winge, Herluf, i. [275]
Winship, G. P., ii. 295, 305, 319, 320, 324, 326, 333, 336, 340, 341, 342
“Wîsu” (or “Isû”), Arabic name for a people in North Russia, ii. 143-6, 200, 270
Wizzi, i. [188], [383]; ii. 64, 143
Wolf, Jens Lauritzön, i. [364]
Wolfenbüttel, Portuguese 16th century map at, ii. 331, 332, 335, 356
Women, Land of (Terra Feminarum), on the Baltic, i. [186-7], [383]; ii. 214
Women’s boats (umiaks), Eskimo, ii. 19, 70, 72, 74, 85, 92, 269, 270
Wonders, Book of (Arabic), ii. 207, 213-4
Worcester, Willemus de, ii. 294
Wulfstan, i. [104], [180]
Wuttke, H., i. [154]
Wytfliet, Cornelius, ii. 131
Xamati, i. [88]
Xenophon of Lampsacus, i. [71], [99], [100]
Yâǵûǵ and Mâǵûǵ, ii. 144, 212, 213
Ynglinga Saga, i. [135]
York, Cape, i. [306]; ii. 71
Yugrians, ii. 173, 174, 200
Zarncke, ii. 242
Zeno map, ii. 131, 132
Zeuss, K., i. [112], [120], [145], [234], [235]
Ziegler, Jacob, i. [294]; ii. 17, 86, 106, 111, 127, 128
Zimmer, H., i. [234], [281], [334], [336], [339], [354], [355], [356], [357], [358], [360], [361], [363], [364], [371]; ii. 9, 10, 20, 44, 45, 53, 54, 150, 151
Zizania aquatica (wild rice), in N. America, ii. 5
Zones, Doctrine of, i. [12], [76], [86], [123]; ii. 182, 193, 247
Footnotes:
[1] Hecatæus of Miletus (549-after 486 B.C.) was the best-known geographer of the Ionian school. He made a map of the world, and summarised the contemporary Greek ideas of geography.
[2] Cf. Kretschmer, 1892, pp. 41-42.
[3] Berger, 1894, p. 13.
[4] Men like Empedocles, Leucippus, Heraclitus, Anaxagoras, and even Herodotus entertained the naive view that the earth was a disc.
[5] Cf. Kretschmer, 1892, p. 99; Berger ii., 1889, p. 36.