[197] Fontanon, Edicts et ordonnances des roys de France, ii. (1585) 347.
[198] For more ample particulars on these momentous events, see S. Wells Williams’s Middle Kingdom, vol. ii. (1848); British Almanac Companion for 1844, p. 77.
[199] Bretschneider, Study of Chinese Bot. Works, 1870. 48.
[200] Chinese Repository, vol. v. (1837) vi &c.
[201] Addressed to the Inspector-General of Customs, Pekin, and published at Shanghai, 1871
[202] Pharm. Journ. xv. (1856) 348.
[203] Am. Journ. of Phar. xviii. (1870) 124; Journ. of Soc. of Arts, Dec. 1, 1871.
[204] Pharm. Journ. Oct. 1, 1870. 272.
[205] Much information under this head has been derived from a paper On the production of Opium in Asia Minor by S. H. Maltass (Pharm. Journ. xiv. 1855. 396), and one On the Culture and Commerce in Opium in Asia Minor, by E. R. Heffler, of Smyrna (Pharm. Journ. x. 1869. 434).
[206] Probably signifying refuse,—that which comes out.