9. War loans provided by neutral countries; their extent and influence on recent warfare.
10. The effects of war:
(a) Financial cost of war. The methods of meeting it: Taxation; International Loans; External Loans.
(b) Losses and gains from the point of view of public and private economic interests; checks to production and the destruction of productive forces; reduction of opportunities for business enterprises; interruption of foreign trade and of the imports of food; the destruction of property; shrinkage of values of property, including securities; financial burden caused by new taxes, debts, and war indemnities; effects upon private credit and upon savings banks; advantages to those industries which furnish military materials; advantages and disadvantages to neutral countries.
(c) The effects of war upon the supply of the world with food and raw materials, with special reference to those States which are in large degree dependent upon other countries for such supplies, e.g. Great Britain and Germany; by diversion of capital from those countries which produce food and raw materials (especially the stoppage of railway building and of new investments in agriculture and other industries).
(d) The condition of the victorious State: manner of levy and use of contributions and war indemnities; influence upon industry and social life.
(e) The manner in which the energy of nations is stimulated or depressed by war.
11. Loss of human life in war and as a result of war: influence upon population (birth-rate, relation between the sexes, ratio of the various ages, sanitary conditions).
12. The influence of war and of the possibility of war upon the protective policy, upon banking conditions (especially upon banks of issue), and upon monetary systems.
13. The influence of annexation upon the economic life of the annexing States, and upon the State whose territory has been annexed.