14. The annexation of half-civilized or uncivilized peoples, considered especially from the point of view of the economic interests, which act as motive powers; the methods through which private enterprises take root in such regions and through which they bring influence to bear upon their own governments; the effects of such annexations upon the development of trade with the annexing State and with other countries, as well as upon the economic and social life of the natives.
15. The progressive exemption of commercial and industrial activities from losses and interferences through war.
16. Influence of the open-door policy upon war and peace.
Report of the Second Commission
ARMAMENTS IN TIME OF PEACE. MILITARY AND NAVAL ESTABLISHMENTS. THE THEORY, PRACTICE, AND HISTORY OF MODERN ARMAMENTS.
1. Definition. Armaments might be described as ‘the preparations made by a State either for defence or for attack’. These would include the provision of food, financial preparations, and also semi-military railways, canals, docks, &c.
2. Causes of armaments. Motives for increasing or commencing them, distinguishing the great from the small powers.
3. Rivalry and competition in armaments. Motives and consequences of rivalry, with the possibilities of limitation.
4. Modern history of armaments, with special fullness from 1872. To be noted as important landmarks:
(a) The introduction of conscription into Germany, France, Austria, Italy, Japan, &c.
(b) Modern inventions affecting war.