Страница - 157Страница - 159- Dahra, French atrocities at the caves of the, [176]
- Dalecarlia, iron ores of, [360]
- Dalmatia, dollinas and jamas of, [130]
- subterranean water-courses of, [150]
- Dalton-le-Dale, drainage of the coal-mine of, [272]
- Dambool, rock-temple of, [184]
- Dammara australis, masses of resin at the base of the trunk of the, [451]
- Dana, Professor, his views respecting volcanoes, [79]
- Dannemora, iron-works of, [360]
- Dantzig, amber found near, [449]
- Darien, platinum discovered at, [382]
- Darius Hystaspis, his enormous wealth, [286]
- Davy, Sir Humphry, his safety-lamp, [280]
- his discovery of aluminium and magnesium, [387]
- and of sodium, [388]
- Delgada, Punta, in the Island of San Miguel, [147]
- Delphi, subterranean hollow under the tripod of the priestess of, [187]
- Demidoff, Prince, his copper mines, [326]
- Denbighshire, lead mines of, [366]
- Derbyshire, lead mines of, [366]
- Denmark, enormous antiquity of the peat mosses of, [221]
- remnants of a former vegetation and articles of human workmanship found in the mosses of, [222]
- the ‘shell-mounds’ of, [222]
- Depressions, subterranean, [34], [36]
- submarine forests in various places, [36]
- evidences of depression, [36], [37]
- probable causes of, [38]
- Derbyshire spar, [469]
- Devon Great Consols Mines, success of the copper mines of, [330]
- Devonian period, fishes of the, [13]
- Devonshire, tin mines of, [336]
- Diablerets, falls of the, [121]
- escape of a peasant from his living tomb in the, [122]
- causes of the phenomenon, [123]
- Diamond, the, [477]
- diamond-cutting, [478]
- rose diamonds and brilliants, [479]
- destroyed by heat, [479]
- stones of India and Brazil, [480]
- the Russian diamond, and the Pitt or Regent diamond, [485]
- that of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, [485]
- the Koh-i-Noor, [486]
- diamonds and diamond-dust used for industrial purposes, [489]
- Dinornis, size of the, [28]
- Professor Owen’s resuscitation of the, [217]
- Dinotherium, size and characteristics of the, [23]
- Diodorus Siculus, his account of the tin trade of Britain, [333]
- Divining rod, the, [248]
- Dolcoath tin mine, [337]
- Dolores, mine of, [303]
- Domingos, San, in Portugal, Roman mines of, [448]
- now worked by the Baron of Pommorão, [448]
- account of the works, [448]
- Donati, Vitaliano, his account of the fall of a mountain near Sallenches, [122]
- Doncaster, gigantic fungus in a tunnel near, [158]
- Donegal, bursting of bogs in, [131]
- Droitwich, salt-works of, [432]
- Drontheim, or Tronyem, city of, [324]
- Dudley, Lord, establishes iron-works near Stourbridge, [349]
- Dufan, in Arabia, sulphur of the, [446]
- Dukinfield colliery, depth of, [247]
- Dunfermline, monastery of, obtains a licence to dig coals, [419]
- Durham, coal-fields of, [403], [407]
- Dyeing, use of tin in the processes of, [335]
- Earthquakes, preceding volcanic eruptions, [65]
- volcanoes considered as the safety-valves of, [78], [79]
- but sometimes accompany volcanic eruption, [79]
- extent of misery caused by, [97]-99
- the horrors of, increased by man, [99]
- the progress of civilisation retarded by earthquakes, [99], [100]
- regions to which they are confined, [100]
- duration of the shocks, [101]
- indications of a coming earthquake, [102]
- sounds accompanying earthquakes, [103]
- sounds unaccompanied by movement of the earth, [104]
- vertical or undulatory motion of shocks, [104]
- extent and force of the seismic wave motion, [105], [106]
- movements of the sea in earthquakes, [106], [107], [117]
- extent of the wave motion, [109]
- changes caused by earthquakes in the configuration of the soil, [109], [110]
- causes of earthquakes, [111]
- probable depth of the focus, [111], [112]
- opinions of Sir C. Lyell and Mr. Poulett Scrope, [112]
- effects of an earthquake on man and animals, [112], [113]
- account of the great earthquake of Lisbon, [114]
- Egg, Isle of, atrocities of the Macleods in the cave of the, [171]
- Egypt, rock-temples of, [184]
- Ehrenberg, his discovery of the animated dust of the Harmattan, [156]
- Eifel, volcanic district of the, [58]
- carbonic acid gas springs of the, [88]
- crateriform hollows, or maare, in the, [131]
- Eileithyia, rock-hewn cemeteries of, [205]
- Eimeo, hole in the island of, [133]
- tradition respecting this hole, [133]
- Elba, iron industry of, [362]
- Elephanta, rock-temples of, [183]
- Elevations of the land produced by earthquakes, [111]
- Elfdal, porphyry of, [467]
- Ellora, rock-temples of, [183]
- Emerald, or beryl, [491], [492]
- Emery, whence obtained, [463]
- total production of, [463]
- Emmanuel, St., church of, in Abyssinia, [187]
- Ems, hot springs of, [43]
- Enamel, materials used for, [335]
- Encrinites lily, called ‘St. Cuthbert’s beads,’ 181
- Encrinus liliiformis, fossil, [17], [18]
- Engihoul, human remains in the cavern of, [226]
- Dr. Schmerling’s explorations, [226]
- Sir C. Lyell’s, [227]
- Engis, human bones discovered in the cavern of, [226]
- Engines, stationary, used in mines, [263]
- England, subsidence of the land on the west and east coasts of, [36], [37]
- effects of a violent earthquake in, [100]
- shocks felt in, at various times, [100], [101]
- effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- the extinct hyena of, found in caves, [214]
- ossiferous caves in, [227]
- flint implements found in, [231]
- main causes of the prosperity of, [245]
- copper mines of, [316]
- manufacture of iron in, [349]
- lead mines of, [365], [366]
- zinc produced in, [381], [382]
- vast deposits of coal of, [402], [403]
- and their convenient distribution, [403]
- extent of the Great Central Coal-field, [406]
- quarries of, [464]
- Eozoon canadense, the only fossil found in the Laurentian rocks, [10]
- its extreme antiquity, [10]
- Epomeo, volcano of, its long periods of rest, [58]
- Erasinos, in Greece, antiquity of the spring of, [44]
- Ernst August Stollen, in the Harz, [271]
- Erzberg, or iron mountain, in Styria, [358]
- works at, and produce of, [359]
- Esquimaux, their iron implements, [347]
- Estrella[Estrella] do Sul, or Star of the South, diamond, [487]
- Etna, Mount, M. Houel’s exploration of the crater of, [55]
- streams of lava in the eruption of 1669, [70]
- numbers of parasitic cones on the flanks of, [71]
- rate of progress of the lava-stream of 1699, [72]
- retention of heat in the lava-stream of 1832, [73]
- the Fossa della Palomba on, [147]
- ice-caves of, [198]
- troglodytic caverns of the Cyclops at the base of, [232]
- Euripides, his triumph, [476]
- Europe, volcanoes of, [61]
- Eurypterids, of the Silurian seas, [12]
- Fahlun, horses used in the copper mines of, [262]
- narrow escape in the mine, [264]
- copper-mine of, [322]
- ore of the mine, [323]
- the preserved body found in, [323]
- Ferdinand, Archduke, his visit to the Cave of Magdalena, [166]
- Fez, effects of the earthquake of 1755 at, [118]
- Fingal’s Cave, Sir W. Scott’s description of, [143]
- Fino, Don Andrea del, narrative of, in an earthquake, [99]
- Fire, its eternal strife with water, [1], [2]
- the subterranean forces, [7]
- Fire-damp, or carburetted hydrogen, [278]
- fatal explosions caused by, [281]
- Fish disgorged by volcanoes from caverns, [69]
- blind cavern, of the Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, [168]
- of the Upper Silurian group, [13]
- destruction of vast numbers of, by volcanic eruption, [15], [16]
- Flintshire, lead mines of, [366]
- Flores, Padre, his silver mine of ‘La Bolsa de Dios Padre,’ 304
- Florins, or fiorini, origin of, [287]
- Fontaine-sans-fond, the, near Sable, [149]
- Footprints of former ages, preservation of, [28], [29]
- Forests, submarine, in various places, [36]
- Fossils, chronological importance of, to the geologist, [5], [6], [8]
- extinction of species, [9], [10], [14]
- those of the oldest and later periods, [10]-29
- Fountains, artificial, principle on which they are constructed, [42]
- Foxdale lead mine, in the Isle of Man, [366]
- Frais Puits, phenomenon of the, [150]
- France, effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- Frauenmauer Mountain in Upper Styria, ice-cave of the, [196], [197]
- Fredonia, town of, lit by springs of carburetted hydrogen, [90]
- Freiberg, drainage of the mines of, [270]
- French, their atrocities in the Cave of Longara, [170]
- their cruelty in Algeria, [176]
- Frio, Serro do, diamonds of the, [480]
- Fuegians, ‘shell mounds’ of the, [222]
- Fumaroles or steam-jets of volcanoes, [63]
- those of Jorullo of 1759 seen in 1803, [74]
- Fungi, subterranean, [157]
- Scopoli’s description of, [157]
- gigantic one at Doncaster, [158]
- the artificial mushroom-beds near Paris, [158]
- Furnaces, reverberatory, [321]
- Gallicia, salt mines of, [436]
- Ganoid fishes of the Upper Silurian group, [13]
- Garnet, the, [494]
- Garnock river bursts into a colliery, [276]
- Gas-springs, [88]
- Gellivara, in Swedish Lapland, mounds of magnetic iron-ore at, [360]
- Gems, superstitious power of, [477]
- Geological revolutions, influence of, on the earth-rind, [1]
- tabular geological profile, [3]
- periods of geological formations, [5]
- the same mineral substances in the oldest and newest formations, [5]
- guidance of the geologist in ascertaining the periods of the formations, [5]
- a continuous development to more highly organised species, [6]
- Georges, St., ice-cave of, [192]
- entrance to the glacière of, [201]
- Georg Stollen, great adit levels of the, in the Harz, [270]
- Germain, St., artificial mushroom-beds at, [158]
- Germany, effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- Gibraltar, Rock of, monkeys of the, [24]
- Girgenti, town and trade of, [442]
- the sulphur mines of, [442]
- Glass, stained, colours of, how formed, [335]
- Glenmalure, lead mines of, [366]
- Glyptodon, size and characteristics of the, [25]
- Goaves, or old workings in coal mines, fire-damp in, [279]
- Goeppert, Professor, his observations on the extinct amber-tree, [451]
- Goethe, his remarks on the great Lisbon earthquake, [119]
- Goffin, Hubert, his heroism, [275]
- Gold, antiquity of man’s knowledge of, [285]
- the story of the Golden Fleece, [285]
- statues of gold in ancient temples, [285]
- quantities of gold possessed by ancient monarchs, [286]
- earliest use of the metal, [287]
- auriferous land of the Iberian peninsula, [288]
- California and Australia, [288], [289]
- British Columbia and other places, [293]
- localities in which gold is deposited, [293], [294]
- Goldau, Vale of, devastated by a landslip, [123]
- destruction of the village of, [124]
- Golden Fleece, story of the, [285]
- Golubinas, or pigeon-holes, in Dalmatia and Carniola, [130]
- Goniatites of the Carboniferous period, [18]
- Good Hope, Cape of, upheaval of the land at the, [34]
- Goroblagodat, Kuschwa, platinum of, [382]
- Gortyna, in Crete, labyrinth of, [174], [175]
- Gosforth Colliery, [409]
- Gothard, Mount St., proposed tunnel through, [241]
- Gower, bone-cave of, [228]
- Grâce-Dieu, glacière of, [192]
- Graham’s Island, volcanic formation of, [59]
- Granada, New, extent of the wave-motion of an earthquake at, [105]
- Granada, in Spain, destruction of the Moors of, [173]
- Graphite. See [Plumbago].
- Grasshopper, wing of, of the Carboniferous period, [15]
- Greece, subterranean water-courses of, [150]
- consecrated caves and grottoes of, [187]
- Greenhouses kept warm by water from Artesian wells, [50]
- Greenland, evidence of subsidence of the land at, [37]
- Grenelle, heat of the Artesian well of, at various depths, [32], [49]
- Grenier, Mount, landslip of, [127]
- Grosmont, iron manufacture of, [355]
- Guacharo, the Cueva del, [160], [161]
- Guacharo, a troglodytic bird, [160], [161]
- Gualgayoc, the ventanillas of, [133]
- Gualgayoc, Cerro de San Fernando de, silver mines of, [309], [311]
- Guanaxuato, subterranean noises heard at, without earthquake, [104]
- Guanaxuato, rise of the town of, [302]
- Guatemala, volcanoes near the town of, [61]
- Guadiana, engulfment of the river, [150]
- Gunpowder, amount of, used in blasting in mines, [260]
- Gwennap, copper mines of, [317]
- Gypsum, origin of, [4]
- Haggar Silsilis, in Egypt, quarries of, [475]
- Haiti, upheaval of the land at, [34]
- Hann, Professor, a coal-hewer in early life, [419]
- Hanover, iron manufacture of, [357]
- Harmattan, animated dust of the, [156]
- Hartlepool, export of coal from, [413]
- Hartley Colliery, accident in the, [253]
- Harz Mountains, subterranean flora of the, [158]
- ice-caves of the, [197]
- great adit levels of the mines in the, [270]
- Haussmann, Professor, his visit to the Norwegian copper mine of Röraas, [324]
- Hawaii, effect of the eruption of Mauna Loa in 1840, [76]
- effects of an earthquake sea-wave at, [109]
- Heat, subterranean, [31]
- zone of invariable temperature, [31], [32]
- increasing temperature at a greater depth, [32]
- rate of increase, [32]
- proof everywhere of a subterranean source of heat, [32]
- Heaton, accident at the colliery of, [273]
- Herculaneum, destruction of the town of, [81]-85
- the mud-stream which caused the destruction, [85]
- discovery of the buried town, [86]
- Hermits, caves of, [178]
- Hermits, numbers of, in rock-caves and huts in the East, [179]
- Herodotus, his mention of the Cassiterides, [333]
- Hetton Colliery, ventilation of the, [278]
- Hiera, volcanic island of, [60]
- Hilda, St., colliery and galleries of, [410]
- Himmelfürst, in Saxony, silver-fields of, [299]
- Hindostan, coal-fields of, [424]
- Hoffmann, G. F., his description of the subterranean flora of the Harz Mountains, [158]
- Holland, earthquakes felt in, [101]
- effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- Homer, tin ornaments mentioned by, [332]
- Honduras, coal-fields of, [424]
- Horses used in mines, [262]
- Hot-springs in the frozen lands as well as in the tropics, [33]
- as a vent of subterranean heat, [33]
- Houel, M., his dangerous exploration of the crater of Mount Etna, [55]
- Howitt, William, his description of shipping coal on the Tyne, [412]
- Huancayo, the Franciscan monk of, [313]
- Huatulco, fountains of marine caverns in, [146]
- Huel Wherry, rise and fall of the tin-mine of, [339]
- Humboldt, M., his visit to the volcano of Rucu-Pinchincha, [55]
- his treatise on subterranean fungi, [158]
- Huancavelica, quicksilver mine of, [378]
- Hungary, ice-caves of, [197]
- Hutton, Dr., a coal-hewer in early life, [419]
- Hydrostatic laws regarding the flow of springs, [40], [41]
- Hyena, remains of, found in caves, [213],214
- Ibarra, supposed causes of a fever at, [70]
- Iberian peninsula, auriferous land of, [288]
- Ice, effect of the meeting of a lava-stream with, [74]
- Ice-caves and their phenomena, [193]-201
- Iceland, volcanic formation of, [4]
- Iceland, geysirs of, [45]-48
- Bunsen’s theory of the causes of the geysirs of, [47], [48]
- volcanoes of, [61]
- mud-volcanoes of, [93]
- ice-caves of, [198]
- Ichthyosaurus communis, characteristics and size of the, [20], [21]
- Idria, fungi of the mines of, [158]
- quicksilver mines of, [373]-378
- Iktis, island of, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus, [333]
- Iguanodon, size and characteristics of the, [22]
- Ilezk, rock-salt deposit of, [438]
- Illinois, coal-fields of, [424]
- India, mud-volcanoes of, [93]
- Indiana, coal-fields of, [424]
- Indies, West, earthquakes of, [100], [101]
- Insects enclosed in amber, [452]-455
- Ipsamboul, rock-temple of, [184]
- Warburton’s description of it, [184]-186
- Ireland, effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- coal-fields of, [404]
- why they are so little worked, [404]
- Iron, its value, [345]
- its wide diffusion, [345]
- meteoric iron, [347]
- ancient knowledge of, [347]
- extension of its uses in modern times, [348]
- British iron production, [348]
- smelting, [349]
- the hot blast, [353]
- the Cleveland district and the trade of Middlesborough, [364]
- amount and value of the British iron trade, [355]
- other statistics of the trade, [356]
- production of foreign countries, [357]-363
- Irtysch, copper and coal near the, [326]
- Isalco, formation of the volcano of, [59]
- in a constant state of eruption, [62]
- Iscalonga, in Basilicata, cave-dwellings of, [234]
- Iserlohn, in Westphalia, discovery of a cavern at, [135]
- Ispica, Val d’, cave-dwellings in the, [232]
- Istria, subterranean water-courses of, [150]
- Italy, mud-volcanoes of, [93]
- earthquakes of, [100]
- effects of the earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- maare, or crateriform hollows, of, [132]
- cave-dwellings of Southern, [234]
- iron industry of, [362]
- Iwogasima, or Sulphur Island, of Japan, [444]
- Japan, sulphur of, [444]
- Java, number of active volcanoes of, [61]
- the ‘Valley of Death,’ or Poison Valley, of, [89]
- mud-volcanoes of, [93]
- maare, or crateriform hollows, of, [132]
- sulphur of, [445], [446]
- Jesuits, their intrigues during the earthquake at Lisbon, [116]
- Jet, formation of, [429]
- found at Whitby, [429]
- manufacture of jet ornaments, [430]
- John the Evangelist, St., his cave in the Isle of Patmos, [188]
- the cave converted into a chapel, [188]
- Jorullo, formation of the volcano of, [58]
- length of time the heat was retained in the lava-stream of 1759, [74]
- Judd, Dr., his dangerous visit to the crater of Kilauea, [56]
- Jura Mountains, cauldron-shaped depressions in the, [130]
- Kab, El, in Upper Egypt, rock-hewn cemeteries of, [205]
- Kamtschatka, energy of the volcanoes of, [61]
- earthquakes in, in 1737, [79]
- Kan, rock-hewn cemeteries of, [205]
- Kanara, rock-temples of, [181]-183
- Kaolin, or china-clay, how formed, and where, [460]-462
- Karli, rock-temples of, [183]
- Kea, Mount, tranquillity of the eruption of, in 1843, [76]
- Kentucky, coal-fields of, [424]
- Kertsch, mud-volcanoes near, [93]
- Kilauea, the lava lakes of, [64]
- length of the lava-stream in the eruption of 1840, [70]
- amount of lava thrown out by the eruption of 1840, [76]
- Killingworth Colliery, [410]
- Kingston, in Jamaica, effects of an earthquake sea-wave at, [107]
- Kinsale, effect of an earthquake sea-wave in the harbour of, [118]
- Kirghise hordes, their salt-works, [438]
- Kirkdale, Dr. Buckland’s account of the ossiferous cave of, [214], [215]
- Klaproth, his discovery of uranium, [385]
- works at Joachimsthal, [385]
- his discovery of rutile, or titanium, [386]
- Klîutschewskaja Skopa, eruption of the volcano of, [79]
- Koh-i-Noor, or Mountain of Light, diamond and its history, [486]
- Kohl, uses of, [383]
- Kongsberg, in Norway, silver mines of, [299]
- Kopperberg, iron manufacture of, [360]
- Kötlingia, effects of the eruption of, in 1758, [69]
- Kremnitz, discovery of the gold mines of, [248]
- Krisuvick, in Iceland, solfatara of, [444]
- Kupferschiefer, or copper-slate, of Thuringia, fossils of the, [15]
- Labuan, coal-fields of, [424]
- Lacustrine dwellings of Switzerland, [315]
- discovery of the, [223]
- ancient iron weapons found in the, [347]
- Laibach, Upper, river traversing the caves of, [150]
- Lalibala, rock-churches of, [186]
- town of, and country round, [187]
- Landslips, effects of earthquakes in producing, [110]
- that of Putley, in Hertfordshire, [110]
- igneous and aqueous causes of landslips, [121]
- cases of landslips, [121]-128
- caused by the falling in of cavern-roofs, [129]
- Lanuto volcano, lake formed in the extinct crater of the, [57]
- Lapis lazuli, [494]
- Lapland, auriferous veins in, [293]
- Laureacum, on the Danube, Roman iron manufactures at, [358]
- Laurentian rocks, [2], [3]
- their thickness, [2]
- the only fossil found in the, [10]
- Laurium, ancient silver mines of, [298]
- amount of lead in the scoriæ of the ancient silver mines of, [367]
- Lava, formation of fiery streams of, during volcanic eruptions, [70]
- phenomena attending the flow of a lava-stream, [72]
- effect of the meeting of a lava-stream with the sea, [73]
- and with ice, [74]
- vast dimensions of lava-streams, [74]-76
- waste of desolation of lava-fields, [77]
- progress of lava-streams, [77]
- Laxey lead mine, in the Isle of Man, [366]
- Lead, mine of, in Cardiganshire, section of a, [252]
- its property and uses, [364]
- its antiquity, [364]
- the mines of, in Europe, [365]
- production of, in foreign countries, [366]-368
- preparation of the ores, [368]
- Pattinson’s process, [368]
- Leadhills, in Lanarkshire, lead mines of, [366]
- Lebadeia, in Bœotia, cave of Trophonios near, [187]
- Lepidodendron elegans, [392]
- Leptodirus Hochenwartii, of the Cave of Adelsberg, [163]
- Levant, Cornish copper mine of, [319]
- Levels, in mining, [251]
- extent of the works in some cases, [251]
- drainage by adit levels, [269], [270]
- Lias, fossils of the, [19]
- Liège, depth of the coal mines of, [247]
- accident in a colliery at, [263]
- Life, organic, progress of, on earth, [28], [29]
- everywhere present on the earth, [156]
- Lignite, or wood-coal, [401]
- Lima, frequency of earthquakes at, [105]
- displacement of stones of obelisks by earthquake shocks, [105]
- effects of the earthquake sea-wave of 1746, [108]
- indifference of the inhabitants of, to earthquakes, [113]
- Limestone, magnesian, or Permian group, animal remains of the, [15]
- Limestone caves, [136]
- causes of their excavation, [136]
- stalactites and stalagmites, [139], [140]
- origin and slow formation of limestone, [141]
- Lisbon, great earthquake of, [114]
- effect of the shock, [114]
- fire and thieves in the city, [115], [116]
- total loss of life from all causes, [116]
- effects of this earthquake in various parts of the world, [117]-119
- Little Bounds, copper mine of, [319]
- Livres, St., ice-caves of, [192]
- Lizards, oldest known fossils of, [14], [15]
- the enormous species of the Mesozoic ocean, [20], [21]
- Llandegui, slate quarries of, [469], [470]
- Locke, his remark respecting iron, [345]
- Lomond, Loch, sea-shells found on the banks of, [34]
- effects of the great earthquake of 1755 in, [118]
- London shaken by the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, [118]
- Long, Major, his report on the copper mines of Lake Superior, [328]
- Longara, Cave of, massacre by the French in the, [170]
- Lorca, sulphur mine of, [444]
- Lowerz, destruction of the village of, by a landslip, [124]
- Luganure, lead mines of, [366]
- Luna, Pope, waterspout of, [146]
- Lycopolis, rock-hewn cemeteries of, [205]
- Maare, or crateriform hollows, of the Eifel, [131]
- Macaluba, mud volcano of, [94]
- known to the ancients, [94]
- Madana, in Santa Cruz, height of the volcano of, [54]
- Madeira, volcanic formation of, [4]
- Madfuneh, rock-hewn cemeteries of, [205]
- Magdalena Grotto, or ‘Black Grotto,’ Protei of the, [165], [166]
- visit of the Archduke Ferdinand to the, [166]
- Magnesium, discovery and uses of, [387]
- Magnetic mountain in Russia, [367]
- Maina, marble of, [467]
- Malacca, tinstone of, [335]
- Malaga, effects of the earthquake of 1755 at, [118]
- Malmesbury, section of the coal-field south of, [398]
- Malta, troglodytes of, [234]
- Malwah, rock-temples of, [184]
- Mammalia, geological period of its prominence in life, [23]
- Mammoth, or primitive elephant, size and characteristics of the, [26]
- Professor Owen’s skeleton of the, [217]
- Gray’s Inn Lane an ancient hunting-ground for, [231]
- Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky, vast dimensions of the, [135], [138]
- Professor Silliman on the, [139]
- clusters of bats in the, [159]
- animals of the, [167]
- Man, Isle of, lead mines of, [366]
- Man, prehistoric, subterranean relics of, in Denmark, [221]
- in Switzerland, [223]
- age of human relics in caves, [225]
- Manchester Coal-field, [403]
- Manganese, ores of, [386]
- Mansfeldt, in Prussia, silver and copper mines of, [325]
- Marble of Derbyshire and Devonshire, [465]
- that of Carrara, [4], [465]
- that of Pentelikon and Parian, [466]
- Rosso antico and Verde antico, [467]
- Marennes, upheaval of the chalk cliffs at, [36]
- Marpena, Mount, in Paros, marble of, [466]
- Marquette, American town of, its iron industry, [362]
- Marshall, James, his discovery of gold in California, [288]
- his subsequent life, [289]
- Marsupites ornatus, fossil, [18]
- Martinique, Island of, destructive earthquake in the, [101]
- Maryland, copper mines of, [328]
- Masaya, volcanoes of, constant eruption of the, [63]
- Massachusetts, copper mines of, [328]
- Master-borers in the North of England, [250]
- their charges per fathom, [250]
- Mastodon, where the fossils of, are mostly found, [27]
- size and characteristics of the, [27]
- Matlock, thermal springs of, [43]
- Mauna Loa, in Hawaii, shape of the volcano of, [53], [54]
- Dr. Judd’s visit to, [56]
- growth of ferns on, [63]
- the lava-lakes of, [64]
- length of the lava-stream of an eruption of, [70]
- parasitic cones of, [71]
- volume of the lava-stream of 1840, [75]
- Maunch Chunk (or Bear Mountain), in Pennsylvania, enormous coal-field of, [425]
- Mauritius, fountains of marine caverns in, [146]
- Mediterranean Sea, upheaval of the land on the shores of the, [34]
- marine caverns of the coasts of the, [144]
- Medellin, the proprietor of the mine of Dolores, [303]
- Meerfeld, crateriform hollow and lake of, [132]
- Megatherium, size and characteristics of the, [24], [25]
- Melidoni, cave of, Turkish massacre in the, [175]
- Mequinez, effects of the earthquake of 1755 at, [118]
- Mercado, Cerro del, of Mexico, [363]
- Mercury, its properties and uses, [370], [371]
- known to the Greeks and Romans, [370]
- mines of Almaden, [371]
- those of Idria, [373]
- diseases to which the miners are liable, [373]
- mines of America, [378]
- Metallic veins, how generally found in mines, [246]
- how ores collected or precipitated in, [247]
- Metamorphic rocks, origin of, [4], [5]
- Meteoric iron, [347]
- Mettler, Bläsi, story of the escape of him and his wife, [124]
- Mettler, Sebastian Meinhardt, his escape from destruction, [125]
- Meuse, ossiferous caverns of the valley of the, [226]
- Mexico, silver mines of, [300]-308
- Michael’s Mount, St., in Cornwall, [333]
- Middlesborough, its rapid rise, [354]
- its iron manufacture, [355]
- Miguel, Island of, the Punta Delgada of the, [147]
- Milagros, his silver mine in San Luis de Potosi, [308]
- Miller, Hugh, his account of a coal forest, [393]
- Milo, Island of, mud volcanoes of, [98]
- sulphur caves of the island of, [446]
- Mina Grande, lead mine of, [367]
- Minardo, Monte, near Bronte, volcanic formation of, [67]
- Mines, in general, [244]
- labours and perils of the miner, [244], [245]
- casualties in mines, [245]
- life in a mine, [245], [246]
- length and depth of mines, [247]
- discoveries of lodes, [248]
- the divining-rod, [248]
- boring, [249]
- divisions in coal mines, [255]
- long-wall working, [257]
- general view of mining operations, [257]
- tools employed in Cornwall, [258]
- mode of blasting, [258]
- heroism of miners, [259], [274]
- mode of loosening hard stones, [260], [261]
- tramways underground, and the conveyance of minerals, [261], [262]
- methods of descending, [263]-266
- man-engines for ascending or descending, [267]
- timbering and draining, [268]-272
- inundation, or drowning of mines, [273]
- evolution of foul gases, [276], [277]
- ventilation, [277]
- choke-damp, fire-damp, and blowers, [278], [279]
- the safety-lamp, [280]
- burning mines, [283]
- habits of the Mexican miners, [302]
- Minnesota mine, copper of, [327], [328]
- enormous nugget of copper found near, [328]
- Miocene period, animals of the, [23]
- Mirrors of silver among the Romans, [298]
- substance used for making, [335]
- Mississippi, ancient mounds in the valley of the, [224]
- Missouri, ‘iron-mountains’ of, [362]
- Moa, the great extinct bird of New Zealand, [216], [217]
- the cave of the Moa, [219]
- Moeris, Lake, hermits near the, [179]
- Molinos of the silver mines of Mexico, [306]
- Molybdenum, discovery and uses of, [387]
- Monarchs, vast treasures of, in ancient times, [286]
- Monkeys, fossil, of South America, characteristics of the, [24]
- small species of, on the Rock of Gibraltar, [24]
- Monk Wearmouth Colliery, [408]
- Montaño, Francisco, his descent into the crater of Popocatepetl, [446]
- Monte, Real del, silver mines of, [304]
- Monte Video, upheaval of the land at, [34]
- Montgomeryshire, lead mines of, [366]
- Montmartre, gypsum and alabaster of, [468]
- Montrouge, artificial mushroom-beds at, [158]
- Moors of Granada, destruction of, by Philip II. of Spain, [173]
- Moran, silver mines of, [304]
- Morocco, earthquakes of, [100]
- effects of the earthquake of 1755 at, [118]
- Morran, in Algeria, Artesian well in the desert of, [51]
- Mososaurus, size and characteristics of the, [23]
- Moulin de la Roche, artificial mushroom-beds at, [158]
- Mountain Ash, in South Wales, coal workings of the New Navigation Pit at, [406]
- Mud-streams caused by volcanic eruptions, [69]
- destruction of Herculaneum and Pompeii by, [85]
- those of Obu, [95]
- Mud-volcanoes, [93]-96
- Murchison, Sir Roderick, his surmises respecting gold in Australia, [289]
- Mürtschenstock, tunnel in the, [134]
- Mushrooms, subterranean[subterranean], [157]
- the artificial mushroom-beds near Paris, [158]
- Musk-ox, food of the, [26]
- Mylodon, size and characteristics of the, [24], [25]
- Professor Owen’s skeleton of the, [217]