The following is a tabulated list of the principal epidemics so studied and reported to January 1st, 1901:
| Table showing the Principal Epidemics of Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia in Bovines due to Bacillus bovisepticus. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Name of observer. | Year. | Locality. | Local or reporter’s name of disease. |
| Bollinger | 1878 | Germany | Wild und Rinderseuche. |
| Kitt | 1885 | „ | Rinderseuche. |
| Kitt | 1887 | „ | Septikæmia hæmorrhagica. |
| Poels | 1886 | Holland | Septic pleuro-pneumonia of calves. |
| Oreste et Armanni | 1886 | Italy | Barbone. |
| Jensen | 1889 | Jutland | Rinderseuche. |
| Piot | 1889 | Egypt | Kounnaq. |
| Van Eecke | 1890 1895 | Java | Septichæmia hæmorrhagica. |
| Hubenet | 1895 | „ | „ „ |
| Galtier | 1891 | France, imported from Algiers | Infectious pneumo-enteritis. |
| Reischig | 1891 | Hungary | Maladie des buffles ou Angine Charbonneuse. |
| Bongartz | 1892 | Germany | Wild und Rinderseuche. |
| Jakobi | 1892 | „ | Wildseuche. |
| Buch | 1892 | „ | Hæmorrhagische septikæmia. |
| Güllebeau and Hess | 1894 | „ | Septikæmia hæmorrhagica. Charbon Blanc. |
| Fischer | 1894 | Dutch Indies | Septichæmia hæmorrhagica. |
| Leclainche | 1895 | France | Pneumo-enteritis. |
| Von Ratz | 1896 | Hungary | Barbonekrankheit. |
| Sanfelice, Loi, and Malato | 1897 | Sardinia | „ |
| Bosso | 1898 | Italy | Septicæmia hæmorrhagica. |
| Pease | 1898 | British India | Ghotwa or Ghotu. |
| Lignières | 1898 | Argentina | Pasteurellosis bovina. “Diarrhœa” and “Enteque.” |
| Fenimore | 1898 | Tennessee | Wild and cattle disease. |
It may not be out of place to give at this point a short list of the principal infective diseases of definitely known ætiology, with which hæmorrhagic septicæmia in cattle has been, and may readily be, confused:
| Name of disease. | Diagnostic points. |
|---|---|
| Anthrax | Altered condition of blood, enlarged spleen, presence of B. anthracis, etc. |
| Black-quarter | Usually localised lesion, crepitant tumour, presence of B. anthracis symptomatici. |
| Septicpneumo-enteritis of calves (Galtier) | Due to a spore-bearing bacillus—“Pneumobacillus septicus”—which grows rapidly on potato. |
| Septicæmia of calves | Due to typhoid-like bacilli. |
CONCLUSIONS.
(1.) Eight outbreaks of hæmorrhagic septicæmia in cattle due to B. bovisepticus occurred in Minnesota from August to December, 1900.
(2.) So far as can be determined, the only other outbreak of this disease hitherto published as occurring in America was one near Knoxville, Tenn., in 1898. The foci of the disease have also apparently been present in Texas and the district of Colombia. No relation can be traced between the disease elsewhere and the present outbreaks, nor between any two of the present ones.
(3.) Of 160 animals in the eight herds, sixty-four showed symptoms of the disease, and all such died—a mortality of 40 per cent. of all the animals in the herds, and of 100 per cent. of those showing symptoms.
(4.) The chief symptoms were loss of appetite, fever, stiffness, swelling of the legs and throat, and a black, tarry, or bloody discharge from the bowels. Bloody urine and bloody nasal discharge were present in some cases. Death occurred usually in from six to twenty-four hours after the first appearance of symptoms.
(5.) The chief lesions discovered at autopsy were ecchymoses, and small and large hæmorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous connective tissues, muscles, lymph glands, and throughout the internal organs. The cervical lymph glands, heart muscle, and alimentary canal were most affected. The spleen was not enlarged nor darkened (except after onset of decomposition).