(6.) From the twenty-two animals on which autopsies were made the same bacillus was obtained from all the tissues examined. Where the examination was made immediately after death—nine cases—it was unmixed with any other organism.
(7.) The bacillus was identified as belonging to the hæmorrhagic septicæmia group of Hüppe, best specifically designated as B. bovisepticus; and besides causing hæmorrhagic septicæmia in cattle (synonyms—rinderseuche, buffleseuche, barbone, khounnaq, charbon blanc, ghotwa, pasteurellosis bovina, etc.), closely resembles, if, indeed, it is not identical with, the bacilli causing wildseuche, swine plague, schweineseuche, rabbit septicæmia, chicken cholera, grouse disease, duck cholera, etc. The organism was studied in direct coverglass preparations, parallel cultures in and on various media, and by inoculation of animals in which the characteristic lesions were reproduced, and from the tissues of which the inoculated bacilli were recovered in pure culture.
(8.) An attempt was made to immunise cattle by the injection of filtered, and later of the killed, cultures of the bacillus. The chief difficulties met with were in maintaining the virulence of the bacillus on artificial media, and in determining the proper dosage. The experiments were too few, and the results not sufficiently tested to warrant conclusive statements as to the protective value of the inoculations, but it would appear that a fairly high degree of immunity was produced.
(9.) The prompt removal of the dead animals and isolation of sick ones, accompanied by thorough disinfection by fire, carbolic acid, corrosive sublimate, and freshly-slaked lime, apparently served to check each outbreak within a short time after the measures were instituted.
SECTION XI.
OPERATIONS.
CHAPTER I:
CONTROL OF ANIMALS.
CONTROL OF OXEN.
The safe and efficient performance of surgical operations renders it necessary that the animal should first of all be placed under complete control. This precaution, therefore, is the first to merit attention. Animals are either secured completely or to a more or less limited extent, according to circumstances. The ox, for example, may be secured by the head, one or more limbs may be fastened, or, by being placed in a trevis, the whole of the animal may be secured.
PARTIAL CONTROL.
(1.) The simplest method of securing the ox is to grasp the nostrils or lower extremity of the septum nasi between the thumb and index finger of the right or left hand (Fig. 57).