[104] [We are told in the Voyages de François Pyrard, vol. ii, p. 331, Paris, 1615, “that in the province of Sierra Leone there is a species (of orang-outang) so strong limbed and so industrious that, when properly trained and fed, they work like servants; that they generally walk on the two hind feet; that they pound any substances in a mortar; that they go and bring water from the river in small pitchers, which they carry, full, on their heads. But when they arrive at the door, if the pitchers are not soon taken off, they allow them to fall; and when they perceive the pitchers overturned and broken they weep and lament.” In the Voyages de Guat. Shoutten aux Indes Orientales, we find nearly the same account of the orang: “they are taken with snares, taught to walk on their hind feet, and to use their fore-feet as hands in performing different operations, as rinsing glasses, carrying drink round to the company, turning a spit,” etc.—Editor.]
[105] Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, vol. ii. See, also, for the separation of the great toe, the photographs in the Voyage à la Côte Orientale d’Afrique, by Captain Guillain.
[106] Odontography, London, 1840, p. 452. Catalogue of the Hunterian Collection, “Osteology,” vol. ii, p. 800.
[107] [A character which, as the Cuviers and Owen have pointed out, man shares with the fossil Anoplotherium and its allies, from the Paris gypsum.—Editor.]
[108] Tiedemann, of Heidelberg, wrote to Knox with reference to the nervous system, that he had great reason to believe that the natives of Australia differed in this matter from Europeans in an extraordinary degree.—Knox, The Races of Men, London, 1850, p. 2.
[109] “The physical characteristics which distinguish human races, one from the other, are, perhaps, the one fact in natural history which has always most struck the imagination of mankind.... Historians relate, that when Columbus first returned, Europeans could not take their eyes off the plants and unknown animals which he had brought with him; and above all, the Indians, so different from all the races of men they had ever seen.”—Flourens, Considérations sur l’enseignement de l’Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles, vol. x, p. 357.) This wonder is renewed every day; and I once knew an intelligent negro who had a very unpleasant remembrance of the French provinces, where he had been the object of a very general and indiscreet curiosity.
[110] The works which followed one another on this subject are due to Reinhold Wagner (1699), B. S. Albin (1737), Barrière (1742), Mitchell (1744), Baeck (1748), Meckel (1753-1757), Le Cat (1756-1765), etc. See G. Pouchet, Des Colorations de l’Epiderme, 4to, Paris, 1864.
[111] The analysis of the anatomical differences in the skeleton has been, perhaps, best made by Bérard, in France, and Lawrence in England; I may refer for the details to these two authors. Bérard, Cours de Physiologie, 1848, vol. i; Lawrence, Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, 9th edition, 1848.
[112] Is. Geoffroy de Saint-Hilaire, “Sur la Classification Anthropologique,” Mém. de la Société d’Anthropologie, 1861, vol. i, p. 125.
[113] [Compare Joulin, Anatomie et Physiologie comparé du bassin des Mammifères, 8vo, Paris, 1864; and Mémoire sur le bassin considéré dans les Races Humaines, 8vo, Paris, 1864.—Editor.]