[41] This circumstance of the introduction of a new fashion by courtesans finds a curious parallel in Europe. Stow’s Chronicle, Howes’s edit., 1632, says: ‘Womens Maskes, Buskes, Muffes, Fanns, Perewigs, and Bodkins were first devised (sic) and used in Italy by Curtezans, and there received of the best sort for gallant ornaments, and from thence they came to England, about the time of the massacre of Paris.’
[42] S. W. Bushell, Chinese Art.
[43] Her Imperial Majesty’s collection of fans has for some time been dispersed.
[44] Abel Rémusat, Mélanges posthumes d’histoire et de littérature, quoted by G. Ashdown Audsley.
[45] H. A. Giles, ‘Chinese Fans,’ Fraser’s Magazine, May 1879.
[46] Kaname, the rock which holds the earth together and keeps it quiet, means the rivet of a fan. The great earthquake fish Namazu has the Giant Kashima for keeper, who was charged to subdue the eastern part of the world, and accomplished this feat by running his sword through the earth. In time the sword hardened into stone and was named Kaname (rivet). When Namazu becomes too violent and shakes the earth, Kashima jumps upon him with the rock Kaname.
[47] ‘Upon a male child being presented at his birth to the temple of his father’s particular deity, he receives, amongst other gifts, two fans, while a girl receives a cake of pomade, which brings good looks.’
[48] Henri L. Joly, Legend in Japanese Art.
[49] Josiah Conder, Japanese Costume.
[50] Mrs. Salwey, Fans of Japan.