SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY.

PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS.

BY
GARRICK MALLERY.

CONTENTS.

Page.
Introduction[25]
Chapter I. Petroglyphs[31]
Chapter II. Petroglyphs in North America[37]
Section 1. Petroglyphs in Canada[37]
Nova Scotia[37]
Ontario[42]
Manitoba[43]
British Columbia[44]
Section 2. Petroglyphs in the United States[45]
Alaska[47]
Arizona[48]
California[52]
Owens Valley[56]
Colorado[72]
Connecticut[75]
Georgia[76]
Idaho[77]
Illinois[77]
Iowa[80]
Kansas[80]
Kentucky[81]
Maine[81]
Maryland[83]
Massachusetts[86]
Minnesota[87]
Montana[90]
Nebraska[90]
Nevada[92]
New Mexico[96]
New York[98]
North Carolina[99]
Ohio[101]
Oregon[104]
Pennsylvania[106]
Rhode Island[113]
South Dakota[114]
Tennessee[114]
Texas[115]
Utah[116]
Virginia[121]
Washington[122]
West Virginia[124]
Wisconsin[126]
Wyoming[128]
Section 3. Petroglyphs in Mexico[131]
Section 4. Petroglyphs in the West Indies[136]
Puerto Rico[136]
The Bahama islands[137]
Guadeloupe[139]
Aruba[139]
Chapter III. Petroglyphs in Central and South America[141]
Section 1. Petroglyphs in Central America[141]
Nicaragua[141]
Guatemala[142]
Section 2. Petroglyphs in South America[142]
United States of Colombia[143]
Guiana[144]
Venezuela[147]
Brazil[150]
Argentine Republic[157]
Peru[157]
Chile[159]
Chapter IV. Extra-limital petroglyphs[161]
Section 1. Petroglyphs in Australia[161]
Section 2. Petroglyphs in Oceanica[165]
New Zealand[165]
Kei islands[167]
Easter island[169]
Section 3. Petroglyphs in Europe[171]
Great Britain and Ireland[171]
Sweden[173]
France[175]
Spain[177]
Italy[178]
Section 4. Petroglyphs in Africa[178]
Algeria[178]
Egypt[179]
South Africa[180]
Canary islands[183]
Section 5. Petroglyphs in Asia[185]
China[185]
Japan[185]
India[186]
Siberia[186]
Chapter V. Cup sculptures[189]
Chapter VI. Pictographs generally[201]
Chapter VII. Substances on which pictographs are made[205]
Section 1. The human body[205]
Section 2. Natural objects other than the human body[205]
Stone[205]
Bone[206]
Skins[206]
Feathers and quills[207]
Gourds[208]
Shells[209]
Earth and sand[210]
Copper[212]
Wood[213]
Section 3. Artificial objects[215]
Fictile fabrics[215]
Textile fabrics[215]
Chapter VIII. Instruments and materials by which pictographs are made[218]
Section 1. Instruments for carving[218]
Section 2. Instruments for drawing[219]
Section 3. Coloring matter and its application[219]
Chapter IX. Mnemonic[223]
Section 1. Knotted cords and objects tied[223]
Section 2. Notched or marked sticks[227]
Section 3. Wampum[228]
Section 4. Order of songs[231]
Section 5. Traditions[250]
The origin of the Indians[255]
Section 6. Treaties[256]
Section 7. Appointment[257]
Section 8. Numeration[258]
Section 9. Accounting[259]
Chapter X. Chronology[265]
Section 1. Time[265]
Section 2. Winter counts[266]
Lone-Dog’s winter count[273]
Battiste Good’s winter count[287]
Chapter XI. Notices[329]
Section 1. Notice of visit, departure and direction[329]
Section 2. Direction by drawing topographic features[341]
Section 3. Notice of condition[347]
Section 4. Warning and guidance[353]
Chapter XII. Communications[358]
Section 1. Declaration of war[358]
Section 2. Profession of peace and friendship[359]
Section 3. Challenge[362]
Section 4. Social and religious missives[362]
Australian message sticks[369]
West African aroko[371]
Section 5. Claim or demand[374]
Chapter XIII. Totems, titles, and names[376]
Section 1. Pictorial tribal designations[377]
Iroquoian[377]
Eastern Algonquian[378]
Siouan and other designations[379]
Absaroka, or Crow[380]
Arapaho[381]
Arikara, or Ree[381]
Assiniboin[381]
Brulé[382]
Cheyenne[382]
Dakota, or Sioux[383]
Hidatsa, Gros Ventre or Minitari[384]
Kaiowa[384]
Mandan[385]
Mandan and Arikara[385]
Ojibwa[385]
Omaha[385]
Pawnee[386]
Ponka[386]
Shoshoni[387]
Section 2. Gentile and clan designations[388]
Section 3. Significance of tattoo[391]
Tattoo in North America[392]
On the Pacific coast[396]
Tattoo in South America[407]
Extra-limital tattoo[407]
Scarification[416]
Summary of studies on tattooing[418]
Section 4. Designations of individuals[419]
Insignia, or tokens of authority[419]
Signs of individual achievements[433]
Property marks[441]
Personal names[442]
Objective[447]
Metaphoric[453]
Animal[455]
Vegetable[458]
Chapter XIV. Religion[461]
Section 1. Symbols of the supernatural[462]
Section 2. Myths and mythic animals[468]
Thunder birds[483]
Section 3. Shamanism[490]
Section 4. Charms and amulets[501]
Section 5. Religious ceremonies[505]
Section 6. Mortuary practices[517]
Chapter XV. Customs[528]
Section 1. Cult societies[528]
Section 2. Daily life and habits[530]
Section 3. Games[547]
Chapter XVI. History[551]
Section 1. Record of expedition[552]
Section 2. Record of battle[554]
Battle of the Little Bighorn[563]
Section 3. Record of migration[566]
Section 4. Record of notable events[567]
Chapter XVII. Biography[571]
Section 1. Continuous record of events in life[571]
Section 2. Particular exploits or events[575]
Chapter XVIII. Ideography[583]
Section 1. Abstract ideas expressed pictorially[584]
After; age—old and young; bad; before; big; center; deaf; direction; disease; fast; fear; freshet; good; high; lean; little; lone; many, much; obscure; opposition; possession; prisoner; short; sight; slow; tall; trade; union; whirlwind; winter, cold, snow[585]-[606]
Section 2. Signs, symbols, and emblems[607]
Section 3. Significance of colors[618]
Decorative use of color[619]
Ideocrasy of colors[622]
Color in ceremonies[623]
Color relative to death and mourning[629]
Colors for war and peace[631]
Color designating social status[633]
Section 4. Gesture and posture signs depicted[637]
Water[642]
Child[643]
Negation[644]
Chapter XIX. Conventionalizing[649]
Section 1. Conventional devices[650]
Peace; war; chief; council; plenty of food; famine; starvation; horses; horse stealing; kill and death; shot; coming rain[650]-[662]
Hittite emblems[662]
Section 2. Syllabaries and alphabets[664]
The Micmac “hieroglyphics”[666]
Pictographs in alphabets[674]
Chapter XX. Special comparison[676]
Section 1. Typical style[676]
Section 2. Homomorphs and symmorphs[692]
Sky; sun and light; moon; day; night; cloud; rain; lightning; human form; human head and face; hand; feet and tracks; broken leg; voice and speech; dwellings; eclipse of the sun; meteors; the cross[694]-[733]
Section 3. Composite forms[735]
Section 4. Artistic skill and methods[738]
Chapter XXI. Means of interpretation[745]
Section 1. Marked characters of known significance[745]
Section 2. Distinctive costumes, weapons, and ornaments[749]
Section 3. Ambiguous characters with ascertained meaning[755]
Chapter XXII. Controverted pictographs[759]
Section 1. The Grave creek stone[761]
Section 2. The Dighton rock[762]
Section 3. Imitations and forced interpretations[764]
Chapter XXIII. General conclusions[768]
List of works and authors cited[777]

ILLUSTRATIONS.