De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556

by Georg Agricola

• Dach, [127]
• Dactylos, [617]; [78]
• Dangers to Miners, [214]-[218]
• Darrlinge, [492]
• Darrofen, [492]
• Darrsöhle, [492]
• Dawling, of a Vein, [101]
• Dead Sea.
  • Bitumen in, [33]
• Decemviral College, [96]
• Decumanus (see [Tithe Gatherer]).
• Demensum (see [Measure]).
• Demons (see also [Gnomes]), [217]; [217]
• Derbyshire (see also [High Peak]).
  • Early ore washing, [281]
  • Introduction jigging sieve, [283]
  • Mining law, [77]; [84]-[85]
• Descent into Mines, [212]
• Devon.
  • Mining law, [85]
• Dilleugher, [267]
• Dioptra, [129]
• Diphrygum, [404]
• Dip of Veins, [65]-[75]
• Dippas, [101]
• Dippers, [157]
  • Of pumps, [172]
• Discretores (see [Sorters]).
• Distillation, [441]
  • For making nitric acid, [441]
  • Of amalgam, [244]
  • Of quicksilver, [426]-[432]
• Distributor, [78]
• Divining Rod, [38]-[40]; [38]; [40]
• Divisions of the Compass, [56]; [57]
• Drainage of Mines, [121]; [171]-[198]
  • With buckets, [171]
  • With chain pumps, [172]
  • With rag and chain pumps, [188]
  • With suction pumps, [172]
  • With water bags, [198]
• Drawing.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Drifts, [104]; [105]; [101]
  • Timbering of, [125]
• Drusy Veins, [107]; [107]
• "Drying" Liquation Residues (see also [Liquation]), [527]-[529]; [491]; [492]
  • Furnaces for, [521]; [526]; [492]
  • Silver extracted by, [529]
  • Slags from, [523]
• Dumps, Working of, [30]
• Dust Chambers, [394]; [416]; [354]
• Dutins, (Timbers), [101]
• Dynamite, [119]

• "Earths."
  • Agricola's view of, [1]; [46]; [48]
  • Extraordinary, [115]
  • Peripatetic view of, [46]; [47]
• Egyptians.
  • Alluvial mining, [330]
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Bronze, [402]; [411]
  • Copper smelting, [402]
  • Crushing and concentration, [279]
  • Furnaces, [355]
  • Glass making, [586]
  • Gold mining, [399]
  • Iron, [421]
  • Maps, [129]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Silver and lead metallurgy, [390]
  • Tin, [411]; [412]
• Egyptian Screw (see [Archimedes, Screw of]).
• Eifel.
  • Spalling ore, [272]
• Eisenertz (see [Ironstone]).
• Eisenglantz (see [Ironstone]).
• Eisleben.
  • Heap roasting, [279]; [274]
• Electrum, [458]; [2]; [35]
• Elements, Peripatetic Theory of, [44]
• Emery, [115]
• Erbisdorff.
  • Tin strakes, [304]
• Excoctores (see [Smelters]).
• Exhalations.
  • From veins, [38]; [44]
• Exhausted Liquation Cakes (see [Liquation Cakes, Exhausted]).

• Fans, Ventilation, [203]-[207]
• Fathom, [616]; [77]; [78]
• Federwis, (see also [Asbestos]), [114]; [274]
• Feldspar, [114]
• Ferrugo (see [Iron-rust]).
• Ferrum purum (see [Native Iron]).
• Fibrae (see [Stringers]).
• Fineness, Scales of, [253]; [617]
• Fire-setting, [118]-[120]; [118]-[119]
• Firstum Mines (see [Fürst]).
• Fissure Vein (see [Vena profunda]).
• Flame.
  • Determination of metal by, [235]
  • Determination of required flux by, [235]
• Flint, as a Flux, [380]
• Float, from Veins, [37]
• Flookan, [101]
• Flue-dust, [394]-[396]
• Fluores (see [Fluorspar]).
• Fluorspar, [115]; [380]; [381]
  • Indication of ore, [116]
• Flüsse (see [Fluorspar]).
• Fluxes (see also [Argol], [Saltpetre], [Limestone], [Stones which easily melt], etc.), [232]-[239]; [232]; [237]; [380]; [221]
  • Basic, [237]
  • De-sulphurizing, [236]; [237]
  • For smelting, [379]; [380]; [386]; [390]
  • Reducing, [236]; [237]
  • Stock fluxes for assaying, [236]
  • Sulphurizing, [236]; [237]
• Footwall, [68]; [117]
• Forehearth, [356]; [375]-[378]; [386]; [355]
  • For tin furnaces, [411]; [413]
• Foreman (see [Mining Foreman]).
• Forest-Fires, [36]; [36]
• Forest of Dean, [84]
• Forest of Mendip, [84]
• Formae, [101]
• Fossa latens (see also [Drifts]), [101]
• Fossa latens transversa (see also [Crosscuts]), [101]
• Fossores (see [Miners]).
• Founders' Hoards, [355]; [402]
• Fractional Meers, [80]
• France.
  • Mediæval mining law, [84]
• Free Mining Cities, [84]
• Freiberg, [XXXI].
  • Age of the mines, [5]
  • Bergmeister, [95]
  • Division of shares, [81]; [90]; [91]
  • First discovery of veins, [35]; [36]
  • Flooding of mines, [218]
  • Method of cupellation, [482]
• Fullers' Earth, [115]
• Fumes.
  • From heated ore, [235]
  • Poisonous, [215]-[216]
• Fundamentum (see also [Footwall]), [101]
• Fundgrube (see also [Meer]), [77]
• Furnaces, [374]-[378]; [386]; [388]; [355]; [492]
  • Assaying (see [Assay Furnaces]).
  • Bismuth smelting, [433]-[437]
  • Burning tin concentrates, [349]
  • Cementation, [455]
  • Copper smelting, [401]-[408]
  • Cupellation, [467]-[468]; [482]-[483]
  • "Drying" liquated copper, [522]-[526]
  • Enriching copper bottoms, [510]
  • Gold and silver ores, [382]-[384]
  • Heating copper cakes, [503]
  • Iron smelting, [420]-[421]; [420]
  • Latin and German terms, [220]
  • Lead ores, [408]-[410]
  • Liquation of silver, [515]
  • Melting lead cakes, [498]
  • Nitric acid making, [441]
  • Parting precious metals with antimony, [452]-[453]
  • Quicksilver distillation, [426]-[432]
  • Refining copper, [531]-[533]
  • Refining silver, [483]; [489]
  • Refining tin, [418]
  • Roasting, [276]-[277]
  • Smelting liquation slags, [507]
  • Tin smelting, [411]-[413]; [419]
• Furnace Accretions, [113]; [221]; [492]
  • Removal of, [376]
• Furnace Hoods, [494]
• Fürst.
  • Mines of, [24]; [24]

• Gaarherd (see [Refining-hearth]).
• Gaarmachen (see [Copper Refining]).
• Gad, [150]
• Galena, [51]; [109]; [110]; [221]
  • Bismuth distinguished from, [3]
  • Smelting of, [400]-[401]
• Gangue Minerals, [48]
• Garlic.
  • Magnet weakened by, [39]
• Garnets, [334]
• Gases (see also [Fumes])
  • From fire-setting, [120]
• Gedigen eisen, silber, etc. (see [Native Iron], [Silver], etc.).
• Gel atrament (see [Misy]).
• Gems, [115]; [1]
• Geology.
  • Agricola's views, [595]
• Germans.
  • English mining influenced by, [283]
  • Mining men imported into England, [282]
  • Ore-dressing methods, [281]-[282]
• Geschwornen (in Saxon mines), [77]
• Geyer, [XXXI]; [42]; [VI].
  • Shafts, [102]
  • Tin-strakes, [304]
• Gilding, [460]
  • Removal from objects, [460]; [464]
• Gips (see [Gypsum]).
• Gittelde.
  • Smelting of lead ore, [391]
• Glantz (see [Galena]).
• Glasertz (see [Silver Glance]).
• Glasköpfe (see [Ironstone]).
• Glass, [584]-[592]
  • Blowing, [592]
  • Furnaces, [586]-[590]
  • From sand, [380]
• Glass-galls, [235]; [221]
  • As a flux, [235]; [238]; [243]; [246]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [464]
  • Use in smelting gold concentrates, [397]; [398]
• Glette (see [Litharge]).
• Glimmer (see [Mica]).
• Gnomes.
  • In mines, [217]; [112]; [214]; [217]
• Goblins (see [Gnomes]).
• God's Gift Mine (see [Gottsgaab Mine]).
• Gold (see also [Gold Ores], [Parting], [Smelting], [Stamp-Mill], etc.).
  • Alluvial mining, [321]-[336]; [330]
  • Alluvial streams, [75]
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Gold-dust, [396]
  • Historical notes, [399]; [354]
  • Indications of, [108]; [116]
  • Lust for, not the fault of the metal, [16]
  • Minerals, [108]
  • Minerals associated with, [108]-[109]
  • Smelting of ores, [381]-[382]; [386]; [388]; [390]; [396]
  • Wickedness caused by, [9]-[10]
• Gold Concentrates, [396]-[399]; [398]
• Golden Fleece, [330]; [330]
• Gold Ores, [107]-[108]
  • Amalgamation, [295]-[299]; [297]
  • Assay by amalgamation, [243]-[244]
  • Assay by fire, [242]-[243]
  • Flux used in assaying, [235]
  • Flux used in smelting, [398]
  • Smelting in blast furnace, [398]-[400]
  • Smelting cupriferous ores, [404]-[407]
  • Smelting in lead bath, [399]
  • Smelting pyritiferous ore, [398]-[401]
  • Stamp-milling, [321]
• Goldstein (see [Touchstone]).
• Goslar, [5]; [37]; [37]
  • Lead smelting, [408]
  • Native zinc vitriol, [572]
  • Roasting ores, [274]; [274]
  • Spalling hard ore, [271]
• Goslarite, [113]; [572]
• Gottsgaab Mine, [VI]; [VII]; [74]; [74]
• Gounce, [267]
• Grand Canal of China, [129]
• Granulation Methods for Bullion, [444]
• Granulation of Copper, [250]
• Greeks.
  • Antimony, [428]
  • Brass making, [410]
  • Copper smelting, [403]
  • Iron and steel making, [421]
  • Metallurgy from Egypt, [402]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Ore dressing, [281]
  • Quicksilver, [432]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]
  • Smelting appliances, [355]
• Grey Antimony (see also [Stibium]), [110]; [221]; [428]
• Griffins, [331]
• Groom of the Chamber.
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Groove (see also [Shafts]), [101]
• Ground Sluices, [336]-[337]
• Ground Waters, [46]-[48]
• Grünspan (see [Verdigris]).
• Gulden, [92]; [419]
• Gunpowder.
  • First use for blasting in mines, [119]
  • Invention of, [562]
• Gypsum, [114]

• Hade, [101]
• Haematites (see [Ironstone]).
• Halinitrum (see [Saltpetre]).
• Halle, Salt Industry, [552]
• Hammers, [151]
  • With water power, [423]
• Hangingwall, [68]; [117]
• Harz Miners.
  • Agricola consulted, [VII].
  • Antimony sulphide, [428]
  • First mining charter, [84]
  • First stamp-mill, [282]
  • Pumps, [194]
• Hauling Appliances (see also [Whims] and [Windlasses]), [160]-[168]; [149]
• Heap Roasting, [274]-[276]
• Hearth-lead (see also [Molybdaena]), [475]; [476]; [110]; [221]
  • As a flux, [232]
  • Use in smelting, [379]; [398]; [400]
• Hearths.
  • For bismuth smelting, [433]-[437]
  • For melting lead, [390]; [498]
• Heavenly Host Mine (see [Himmelisch Höz Mine]).
• Heavy Spar, [115]
• Hebrews.
  • Knowledge of antimony, [428]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]
  • Term for tin, [412]
• Hematite, [111]
• Hemicycle (Hemicyclium), [137]-[138]
• Heraclion (see [Lodestone]).
• Herdplei (see [Hearth-Lead]).
• Hiero, King, [247]; [247]
• High Peak (Derbyshire).
  • Mining law, [84]
  • Nomenclature in mines, [77]
  • Saxon customs, connection with, [77]; [85]
• Himmelisch Höz mine, [74]; [92]; [75]
• Hoe, [152]
• Holidays of Miners, [99]
• Horn Silver, [109]
• Horns of Deer, [230]
• Hornstone, [116]; [114]
• Hungary.
  • Cupellation, [483]
• Hüttenrauch (see [Pompholyx]).

• Iglau, Charter of, [84]
• Incense in Cupellation Furnaces, [472]
• Indications of Ore, [106]; [107]; [116]
• Ingestores (see [Shovellers]).
• India.
  • Steel, [423]
  • Zinc, [409]
• Intervenium, [51]; [50]
• Investment in Mines, [26]-[29]
• Iron, [420]; [354]; [111]
  • Cast, [420]
  • Censure of, [11]
  • Indications of, [116]
  • Malleable, [420]
  • Smelting, [420]-[426]
  • Sulphur harmful to, [273]
• Iron Age, [420]
• Iron Filings (see also [Iron-Scales]), [221]
  • Use in assaying, [234]; [238]; [246]
• Iron Ore.
  • Assaying of, [247]
  • Smelting of, [420]-[426]
• Iron-rust, [116]; [474]; [1]; [111]
• Iron-scales, [221]
  • Flux, [234]
  • Use in smelting gold, [398]
  • Use in smelting silver, [400]
  • Use in making nitric acid, [440]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [464]
• Iron-slag, [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [235]
• Ironstone, [390]; [111]
• Italians.
  • Alluvial mining in Germany, [334]
• Italy.
  • Mining formerly forbidden, [8]

• Jade, [114]
• Japan.
  • Steel, [423]
• Jasper, [111]; [2]
• Jaspis, [114]
• Jet, [34]
• Jigging Sieve, [310]; [267]; [283]
• Joachimsthal, [VI].
  • First stamp-mill, [281]
  • Mining shares and profits, [91]; [92]
• Jüdenstein (see [Lapis Judaicus]).
• Juices, [1]; [47]
  • Agricola's theory, [46]; [52]
  • From springs and streams, [33]
  • Stone juice, [46]; [49]
  • Tastes of, [34]
• Juices, Solidified.
  • Agricola's view of, [1]; [49]
  • Extraction of metals from, [350]
  • Preparation of, [545]
• Julian Alps.
  • Stamp-milling in, [319]
• Junctions (see [Veins, Intersections of]).
• Jurati (see [Jurors]).
• Jurors, [22]; [92]; [96]; [78]
  • In English mining custom, [85]
  • Relations to Bergmeister, [95]; [77]
• Justinian Code.
  • Mines, [84]

• Kalchstein (see [Limestone]).
• Kammschale, [127]
• Kaolinite (see [Porcelain Clay]).
• Katzensilber (see [Mica]).
• King.
  • Deputy, [94]
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Kinstock (see [Liquation Cakes, Exhausted]).
• Kis (see [Pyrites]).
• Knockers (see [Gnomes]).
• Kobelt (see [Cobalt]).
• Kölergang Vein, [42]
• Königsberg.
  • Fire-setting, [119]
• Kupferglas ertz (see [Copper Glance]).
• Kupferschiefer (see [Copper Schists]).
• Kuttenberg.
  • Depths of shafts, [102]

• Labour Condition in Mining Title, [92]; [83]-[85]
• Lacedaemonians (see [Spartans]).
• Lachter (see [Fathom]).
• Ladderways in Shafts, [124]; [212]
• Ladle for Bullion, [382]
• Lapis aerarius (see [Copper Ore]).
• Lapis alabandicus, [380]
• Lapis Judaicus, [115]; [115]
• Lapis specularis (see [Gypsum]).
• Laths (Lagging), [101]
• La Tolfa.
  • Alum manufacture, [565]
  • Discovery of, [570]
• Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (see [Mt. Laurion, Mines of]).
• Lautental, Liquation at, [491]
• Law (see [Mining Law]).
• Law-suits over Shares in Mines, [94]
• Lead, [354]; [390]; [110]
  • Censure of, [11]
  • Cupellation, [464]-[483]
  • Melting prior to liquation, [500]
  • In liquation cakes, [505]-[506]; [505]; [506]
  • Refining silver, [483]-[490]
  • Smelting of ores, [388]-[392]; [400]
  • Use in assaying, [232]; [239]; [242]; [244]; [249]; [251]
  • Washing in sluices, [347]
• Lead-ash, [237]; [237]; [221]
  • As a flux, [234]
  • Use in parting gold from copper, [463]
• Lead Bath, [381]
• Lead-glass, [236]
• Lead Granules, [239]; [463]; [221]
• Leading (in liquation), [304]; [507]; [513]; [491]; [492]; [504]
  • Components of the charge, [505]-[509]
• Lead Ochre, [232]; [110]; [221]
• Lead Ore.
  • Assay methods, [245]-[246]
  • Roasting, [275]
  • Smelting in blast furnace, [390]; [408]
• Lease, in Australian Title, [77]
• Leaves, Preparation of Bullion into, [444]
• Leberthal, [24]
• Lees of aqua which separates Gold from Silver, [234]; [443]; [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [238]
• Lees of Vinegar (see also [Argol]), [221]
  • As a flux, [234]; [236]; [243]; [234]
• Lees of Wine (see [Argol]).
• Lemnos, Island of, [31]
• Lemnian Earth, [31]
• Leprosy of House Walls (see [Saltpetre]).
• Level (see also [Drift]), [101]
• Level, Plummet (see [Plummet Level]).
• Limestone, [114]; [221]
  • As a flux, [236]; [390]
• Limonite, [111]
• Limp, [267]
• Linares.
  • Hannibal's mines near, [42]
• Lipari Islands.
  • Alum from, [566]
• Liquated Silver-lead (see [Stannum] and [Silver-lead]).
• Liquation, [519]-[521]; [491]; [519]
  • Ash-coloured copper from, [529]
  • Buildings for, [491]
  • Furnace, [515]-[518]; [492]
  • Historical note on, [494]
  • Losses, [491]; [539]
  • Nomenclature, [492]
• Liquation Cakes, [505]-[509]; [492]; [505]; [506]
  • Enrichment of the lead, [512]; [512]
  • Extraction of silver from, [512]
  • From bye-products of liquation, [539]-[540]
  • From copper bottoms, [512]; [512]
  • Proportion of lead in rich silver copper, [509]
• Liquation Cakes, Exhausted, [521]-[526]; [406]; [492]; [520]
• Liquation Slags, [509]; [492]; [541]
  • Furnaces for, [507]
  • Treatment of, [541]
• • From cupellation, [543]; [543]
  • From "drying" copper residues, [529]
• Liquation Thorns, [522]; [539]; [492]; [539]; [540]
  • Use in reducing silver nitrate, [447]
  • Use in smelting, [379]; [398]; [400]
• Litharge (see also [Cupellation]), [475]; [232]-[238]; [466]; [476]; [110]; [222]
  • Compass, [57]
• Lithargyrum (see [Litharge]).
• Lodestone, [115]; [111]; [115]; [2]
• Los Pozos de Anibal, [42]
  • Gold alluvial, [347]
  • Sluices for gold washing, [325]
  • Tin smelting, [419]
• Lotores (see [Washers]).
  • Preparation of for furnace linings, [375]-[376]
• Lusitania.
  • Mining law, [83]
  • The King's mines, [27]
• Lute, [1]
  • Use in making fluxes, [236]
  • Use in parting, [463]
• Lydia.
• Lye, [558]; [221]; [233]

• Magister Metallicorum (see [Bergmeister]).
• Magister Monetariorum (see [Master of the Mint]).
• Magnes (see also [Lodestone] and [Manganese]), [585]; [111]; [115]; [585]
• Magnet, [247]
  • Garlic, [39]
• Magnetis (see [Mica]).
• Magnetite, [111]
• Malachite, [109]; [221]
• Maladies of Miners, [214]-[217]
• Maltha, [581]
• Manager (see [Mine Manager]).
• Manganese, [586]; [354]
• Mannsfeld Copper Slates, [126]-[127]; [279]; [127]; [273]
• Map-making, [129]
• Marble, [115]; [2]; [114]
• Marcasite, [111]; [112]; [409]
• Marga (see [Marl]).
• Marienberg, [XXXI]; [VI].
• Marl, [114]
• Marmelstein (see [Marble]).
• Marmor (see [Marble]).
• Marmor alabastrites (see [Alabaster]).
• Marmor glarea, [114]
• Massicot (see also [Lead Ochre]), [110]; [221]; [232]
• Master of the Horse, [81]
• Master of the Mint, [95]; [78]
• Matte (see [Cakes of Melted Pyrites]).
• Matte Smelting, [404]-[407]
• Measure (unit of mining area), [78]; [78]
• Measures, [616]-[617]; [78]; [550]
• Medicine.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [3]
• Medulla saxorum (see [Porcelain Clay]).
• Meer, [77]-[89]
  • Boundary stones, [87]
  • On vena cumulata, [87]
  • On vena dilatata, [86]
• Meissen.
  • Dumps from mines, [312]
• Melanteria, [117]; [112]; [573]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
• Melanterite, [111]
• Melos, Island of, [566]
• Menning (see [Red-lead]).
• Mergel (see [Marl]).
• Metals, [2]; [44]; [51]
  • Advantages and uses, [19]; [20]
  • Necessity to man, [XXV]; [12]-[13]
  • Not responsible for evil passions, [15]
• Metreta, [153]
• Mexico.
  • Patio process, [297]
• Mica, [114]
• Middle Ages, Mining Law of, [84]
• Mills for Grinding Ore, [294]-[299]; [280]
• Mimes (see also [Gnomes]), [217]
• Mine Captain, [26]; [77]
• Mine Manager, [97]; [98]; [77]; [78]
• Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of, [1]
• Minerals, [594]; [108]; [48]; [51]
  • Compound, [2]; [51]
  • Mixed, [2]; [51]
• Miners, [1]-[4]; [25]; [78]
  • Duties and punishments, [100]; [22]
  • Law (see [Mining Law]).
  • Litigation among, [21]
  • Slaves as, [23]
• Mines.
  • Abandonment of, [217]
  • Conditions desirable, [30]-[33]
  • Investments in, [26]-[29]
  • Management of, [25]; [26]
  • Names of, [42]
• Mines Royal, Company of, [283]
• Mining (see also [Sett], [Lease], [Claim], [Meer], etc.).
  • Criticisms of, [4]-[12]
  • Harmless and honourable, [14]; [20]; [23]
  • Methods of breaking ore, [117]-[118]
  • Stoping, [125]
• Mining Clerk, [93]; [95]; [96]; [78]
• Mining Companies (see [Companies, Mining]).
• Mining Foreman, [98]-[99]; [78]
  • Frauds by, [21]-[22]
• Mining Law, [82]-[86]
  • Boundary stones, [87]
  • Drainage requirements, [92]-[93]
  • England, [84]-[86]
  • Europe, [84]
  • Forfeiture of title, [92]-[93]
  • France, [84]
  • Greek and Roman, [83]
  • Middle Ages, [84]-[85]
  • Right of Overlord, Landowner, State and Miner, [82]
  • Tunnels, [88]-[89]
• Mining Prefect, [26]; [94]; [78]
• Mining Rights (see [Mining Law] and [Meer]).
• Mining Terms, Old English, [77]; [101]
• Mining Tools, [149]-[153]
  • Buckets for ore, [153]-[154]
  • Buckets for water, [157]
  • Trucks, [156]
  • Wheelbarrows, [155]
• Minium, [111]
  • Quicksilver from, [433]
  • Red-lead, [232]
• Minium secundarium (see [Red-lead]).
• Mispickel (Mistpuckel), [111]
• Misy (the mineral), [573]; [111]; [403]
  • An indication of copper, [116]
  • Use in parting gold and silver, [459]
• Mitlere und obere offenbrüche (see [Furnace Accretions]).
• Modius, [617]; [405]
• Moglitz.
  • Tin working, [318]
• Moil, [150]
• Molybdaena, [110]; [221]; [476]; [400]; [408]
  • Term for lead carbonates, [400]; [408]
• Molybdenite, [477]
• Monetarius (see [Coiners]).
• Money, Assaying of, [251]-[252]
• Morano Glass Factories, [592]
• Moravia.
  • Cupellation, [483]
  • Stamp-milling, [321]
  • Washing gold ore, [324]
• Mordants, [569]
• Mortar-box, [279]-[280]; [312]; [319]; [267]
• Mountains.
  • Formation of, [595]
• Mt. Bermius.
  • Gold Mines of, [26]; [27]
• Mt. Laurion, Mines of, [27]; [27]-[29]; [391]
  • Crushing and concentration of ores, [281]
  • Cupellation, [465]
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Smelting appliances, [355]
  • Xenophon on, [6]
• Mt. Sinai.
  • Ancient copper smelting, [355]; [402]
• Muffle Furnaces, [224]-[228]; [239]
• Muffles, [227]; [239]; [222]
  • Refining silver, [489]-[490]
• Mühlberg, Battle of, [X].
• Murrhina (see [Chalcedony]).
• Muskets, [11]
• Mycenae.
  • Copper, [402]
  • Silver-lead smelting, [391]