De Re Metallica, Translated from the First Latin Edition of 1556

by Georg Agricola

ROMAN LIQUID MEASURE.

					Cubic inches.	Pints.
1	Quartarius	=			8.6	.247
4	Quartarii	=	1	Sextarius	31.4	.991
6	Sextarii	=	1	Congius	206.4	5.947
16	Sextarii	=	1	Modius	550.4	15.867
8	Congii	=	1	Amphora	1650.0	47.577

(Agricola nowhere uses the Saxon liquid measures, nor do they fall into units comparable with the Roman).

---

GENERAL INDEX.

Note.—The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc.

• Abandonment of Mines, [217]
• Abertham.
  • Mines at, [74]; [92]; [74]
• Abolite, [113]
• Abstrich, [465]; [492]
• Abydos.
  • Gold mines of, [26]; [27]
  • Lead figure from, [390]
• Abzug, [464]; [465]; [475]
• Achates (see [Agate]).
• Accidents To Miners, [214]-[218]
• Accounts (Mining), [96]-[98]
• Adit, [101]
• Aeris flos (see [Copper Flowers]).
• Aeris squama (see [Copper Scales]).
• Aes caldarium, [109]
• Aes luteum, [109]
• Aes nigrum, [109]
• Aes purum fossile (see [Native Copper]).
• Aes rude plumbei coloris (see [Copper Glance]).
• Aes ustum (see [Roasted Copper]).
• Aetites, [2]
• Africa.
  • Iron, [420]
  • Tin, [412]
• Agate, [114]
• Agriculture.
  • Mining compared with, [5]
• Ailments of Miners (see [Maladies of Miners]).
• Air Currents in Mines, [121]; [200]
• Alabaster, [114]
• Alchemists, [XXVII]-[XXX]; [44]; [608]
  • Agricola's opinion of, [XII]; [XXVII].
  • Amalgamation, [297]
  • Assaying, [248]; [219]
  • Discovery of acids, [439]; [460]
  • Distillation, [441]
• Aljustrel Tablet, [83]-[84]
• Alkali, [558]
• Alloys, Assaying of, [247]-[252]
• Alluvial Mining, [321]-[348]; [330]-[332]
• Alston Moor, [84]
• Altenberg, [XXXI]; [VI].
  • Collapse of mine, [216]
  • Miners poisoned, [214]
  • Tin working appliances, [290]; [304]; [318]
• Alum, [564]-[568]; [564]-[570]
  • A solidified juice, [1]
  • Elizabethan Charter, [283]
  • In roasted pyrites, [350]
  • In Sal artificiosus, [463]
  • Latin and German terms, [220]; [221]
  • Papal monopoly, [570]
  • Use in making nitric acid, [439]; [460]
• Amalgam.
  • Parting the gold from, [298]; [297]
• Amalgamation, [297]
  • Of gilt objects, [461]
  • Mills, [295]-[299]
• Amber, [34]; [35]
• Amethyst, [114]
• Amiantus (see [Asbestos]).
• Ampulla, [445]-[447]; [220]
• Annaberg, [VI]; [XXXI]; [42]; [75]; [75]
  • Profits, [92]
• Ant, venomous, [216]
• Antimony, [220]; [428]; [354]
  • Minerals, [110]
  • Smelting of, [400]; [428]
  • Use as type-metal, [2]; [429]
• Antimony Sulphide, [220]; [428]; [451]
  • Parting gold and silver with, [451]; [451]; [461]
  • Parting gold from copper, [463]
  • Parting silver and iron, [544]
• Antwerp, Scale of Weights, [263]
• Apex Law, [81]; [83]-[86]
• Aqua regia, [439]; [441]; [354]
• Aqua valens (see also [Nitric Acid]), [439]-[443]; [439]; [220]
  • Clarification with silver, [443]; [443]
  • Cleansing gold-dust with, [396]
  • Parting precious metals with, [443]-[447]
• Arbores dissectae (Lagging), [101]
• Archimedes, Screw of, [149]
• Architecture.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Area fodinarum (see [Meer]).
• Argentiferous Copper Ores, Smelting of, [404]-[407]
• Argentite, [109]
• Argentum purum in venis (see [Native Silver]).
• Argentum rude plumbei coloris (see [Silver Glance]).
• Argentum rude rubrum translucidum (see [Ruby Silver]).
• Argol, [234]; [220]
  • As a flux, [234]; [238]; [243]
  • Use in melting silver nitrate, [447]
  • Use in smelting gold dust, [396]-[398]
• Argonauts, [330]
• Arithmetical Science.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Armenia, Stone of, [115]
• Arsenic (see also [Orpiment] and [Realgar]), [111]; [214]
• Arsenicum, [111]
• Arsenopyrite, [111]
• Asbestos, [440]; [440]; [114]
• Ash-coloured Copper, [539]-[540]; [540]; [523]-[524]; [492]
  • From liquation, [529]-[530]
• Ashes which Wool Dyers use (see also [Potash]), [233]; [559]; [220]
  • Use in assaying, [236]-[238]
• Ash of Lead, [237]-[238]; [237]; [220]
• Ash of Musk Ivy (see also [Potash] and [Nitrum]), [236]-[238]; [220]
• Asphalt, [581]
• Asphaltites (see [Dead Sea]).
• Assay Balances (see [Balances]).
• Assay Fluxes (see [Fluxes]).
• Assay Furnaces, [224]-[228]; [220]
  • Crucible, [226]-[227]
  • Muffle, [224]-[228]; [239]
• Assaying (see also [Probierbüchlein]), [219]; [219]; [220]; [354]
  • Amalgamation, [243]
  • Bismuth, [247]
  • Copper, [244]
  • Cupellation, [240]
  • Gold and silver alloys, [248]
  • Gold ore, [242]-[244]
  • Iron ore, [247]
  • Lead, [245]-[246]
  • Silver, [242]-[245]
  • Silver and copper alloys, [249]-[250]
  • Tin, [246]
  • Tin and silver alloys, [251]
• Assay Muffles (see [Muffles]).
• Assay Ton, [261]; [242]
• Assyrian Copper, [402]
• Asthma, [214]
• Astronomy.
  • Knowledge necessary for miners, [4]
• Atarnea.
  • Mines near, [26]; [27]
• Athens.
  • Mining law, [83]
  • Sea power and mines, [27]
  • Silver mines (see [Mt. Laurion, Mines of]).
• Atramentum Sutorium (see also [Vitriol]), [572]; [110]
• Atramentum Sutorium candidum, [113]
• Atramentum Sutorium rubrum, [274]; [274]
• Aurichalcum, [409]; [404]
• Auripigmentum (see [Orpiment]).
• Azure, [1]; [109]; [220]
  • An indication of copper, [116]
  • An indication of gold, [117]
  • Colour of flame, [235]
• Azurite [109]; [220]; [402]

• Babel, Tower of, [582]
• Babylonia.
  • Bitumen in, [582]
  • Use of lead, [391]
• Babytace.
  • Gold buried by inhabitants, [9]; [15]
• Baebelo, [42]; [42]
• Balances, [224]; [264]-[265]
• Barite, [115]
• Barmaster, of High Peak, [77]
• Bars, for Furnace Work, [382]
• Baskets, for Hoisting, [153]
• Batea, [156]
• Beer, [230]; [220]
• Bell, to call Workmen, [100]
• Bellows, [362]-[373]; [419]
  • Ancient use of, [354]; [355]; [362]
  • Assay furnace, [226]; [245]
  • Mine ventilation with, [207]-[210]
• Beni Hassen, Inscriptions at, [586]
• Berg-geel, [111]
• Bergmeister, [33]; [81]; [95]; [77]; [77]; [78]
  • Deals with forfeited shares, [92]-[93]
  • Jurors, [96]
• Bergmeister's Clerk, [95]; [78]
• Bergzinober (see [Quicksilver]).
• Bermius (Bermium), Mt. (see [Mt. Bermius]).
• Bismuth, [433]; [354]; [220]
  • Assaying ores of, [247]
  • Indication of silver, [116]
  • Minerals, [2]; [111]
  • Smelting of, [433]-[437]; [400]
  • The "roof of silver," [117]; [433]
  • Zaffre, [112]
• Bitumen.
  • Ancient knowledge of, [220]; [581]-[582]; [354]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Dead Sea, [33]
  • Distillation, [581]
  • From springs, [582]
  • Harmful to metals, [273]
  • Roasting from ore, [273]; [276]; [351]
  • Solidified juice, [1]
• Bituminosa cadmia (see [Cadmia bituminosa]).
• Blast, Regulation of, [380]; [386]
• Blasting, [119]
• Blende, [113]
• Bleyberg, [239]
• Bloodstone, [111]; [2]
• Bloom, [420]
• Blütstein (see [Ironstone]).
• Bohemia.
  • Antimony sulphide, [428]
  • Pestilential vapours, [216]
  • Sifting ore in, [293]
  • Smelting, [384]
• Bone-ash, [230]; [466]
• Borax, [560]; [221]; [110]
  • Method of manufacture, [560]
  • Use in gold smelting, [444]; [457]; [464]
  • Use in assaying, [245]; [246]
• Bornite, [109]
• Boundary Stones, [87]; [129]
• Boundaries, [77]; [147]
• Bowls for Alluvial Washing, [322]; [324]; [334]; [336]
• Brass, [410]; [354]; [2]
  • Ancient methods of making, [404]-[405]; [112]
• Breaking Ore, [117]-[119]
• Brick Dust.
  • Used in cementation, [454]; [454]
  • Used in making nitric acid, [440]
• Brine (see also [Salt]).
  • Evaporation of, [547]-[548]
• Britain.
  • Lead-silver smelting, [392]
  • Miners mentioned by Pliny, [83]
  • Tin trade, [411]-[413]
• British Museum.
  • Egyptian gold-mining, [399]
  • Egyptian lead, [390]
  • Egyptian steel, [402]
• Bromyrite, [109]
• Bronze.
  • Historical notes, [411]; [402]; [354]
• Bronze Age, [355]; [402]; [411]
• Bryle (Outcrop), [101]
• Buckets, for Hoisting Ore, [153]-[154]; [157]
• Buddle, [281]; [282]; [267]
  • Divided, [302]-[303]
  • Simple, [300]-[302]; [312]-[315]
• Bullion, Pouring into Bars, [382]
• Burning Ore, [231]; [273]; [267]
• Burnt Alum, [233]; [565]; [221]

• Cadmia (see also [Zinc], [Pompholyx], and [Cobalt]), [542]; [542]; [112]-[113]
  • Ancient ore of brass, [410]
  • From dust chambers, [394]
  • From liquation, [539]; [542]
  • From roasting matte, [349]
  • Poisonous to miners, [214]; [214]
  • Roasting, [276]
  • Smelting for gold and silver, [410]
• Cadmia bituminosa, [276]; [273]; [113]
• Cadmia fornacis (see [Furnace Accretions]).
• Cadmia fossilis (see [Calamine] and [Blende]).
• Cadmia metallica (see also [Cobalt]), [403]; [113]
• Caeruleum (see [Azure]).
• Cakes of Melted Pyrites, [379]; [222]
  • A flux, [234]
  • Roasting of, [349]-[351]
  • Use in smelting, [379]
• Calaëm (see also [Zinc]), [409]
• Calamine, [112]; [113]; [409]; [410]
• Calcite, [114]
• Calcspar, [116]; [114]
• Caldarium Copper, [512]; [542]; [404]; [511]
• Caldrons, for Evaporating Salts, [548]
• Calmei (see [Calamine]).
• Cameros.
  • Zinc found at, [409]
• Camphor, [238]; [238]; [221]
• Cam-shaft, [282]-[283]; [267]
• Canales (Ore Channels), [43]; [46]; [47]
  • Ore shoots in, [117]
• Cannon, [11]
• Cardinal Points, [57]; [58]
• Carnelian, [114]
• Carneol (see [Carnelian]).
• Carni, [390]
  • Cupellation, [483]
  • Smelting of lead ores, [390]
• Carpathian Mountains.
  • Liquation practice in, [540]; [544]
  • Sieves, [289]
  • Stamp-milling, [319]
• Carthage.
  • Mines in Spain, [27]
• Castulo (Cazlona), [42]
• Cementation (see also [Parting Gold from Silver]), [453]-[457]; [453]; [458]
• Centumpondium, [616]; [242]; [509]
  • Scale of weights, [260]-[261]
• Cerargurite, [109]
• Cerussa (see [White-lead]).
• Cerussite, [110]
• Chain Pumps, [171]-[175]
• Chalcanthite, [110]
• Chalcanthum (see also [Vitriol]), [109]; [572]
• Chalcedony, [114]
• Chalcitis, [573]; [109]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
• Chalcocite, [109]; [402]
• Chalcopyrite, [109]
• Chaldean Antimony, [429]
• Chemistry.
  • Origin, [XXVII]; [220]
• Chemnitz.
  • Agricola appointed city physician, [VII].
  • Agricola elected burgomaster, [VIII]; [IX].
  • Quarrel over Agricola's burial, [XI].
• China, Grand Canal of, [129]
• Chinese.
  • Early copper smelting, [402]
  • Early iron, [421]
  • Early silver metallurgy, [391]
  • Early zinc smelting, [409]
• Chrysocolla (see also [Borax]), [110]; [221]; [584]; [1]
  • Collection in vats, [584]
  • Colour of fumes, [235]
  • Indication of copper, [116]
  • Indication of gold, [117]
  • Mineral, [109]
  • Smelting of, [401]
• Church, Share in Mines, [91]
• Cimolite, [31]
• Cinnabar (see [Quicksilver] and [Minium]).
• Claim, in American Title, [77]
• Cloth.
  • Lining sluices, [322]
  • Ventilation by shaking, [210]
• Coal, [34]
• Cobalt, [354]; [542]; [112]-[113]
  • Cobalt-blue, [112]; [433]
  • From lead smelting, [408]
  • King Hiram's experience with, [214]
  • Poisonous to miners, [214]
  • Relation to cadmia, [112]
  • Relation to bismuth, [435]
  • Smelting ores of, [401]
• Cobalt-Arsenic Minerals (see [Arsenic]).
• Cobaltite, [113]
• Cobaltum cineraceum (see [Smallite]).
• Cobaltum ferri colore (see [Cobaltite]).
• Cobaltum nigrum (see [Abolite]).
• Coiners, [95]; [78]
• Coins, [251]-[253]; [457]
• Colchis.
  • Alluvial gold washing, [330]
• Cologne.
  • Scale of weights, [263]
• Companies, Mining, [89]-[93]; [90]
  • Fraudulent dealing, [22]
  • Investment in, [29]
• Compass, [141]-[142]; [56]; [129]
  • Divisions of the, [56]; [57]
  • Swiss, [145]; [137]
• Concentrates.
  • From washing liquation products, [542]
  • Sintering of, [401]
  • Smelting of, [394]; [396]-[399]; [401]
• Concentration, [267]-[348]; [279]; [354]
• Congius, [153]; [172], [617]
• Constantinople, Alum Trade, [569]
• Consumption.
  • Miners liable to, [214]
• Conterfei (see [Zinc]).
• Contracts, Method of Setting, [96]
• Copiapite, [111]
• Copper (see also [Liquation]), [109]; [402]; [511]
  • Assay of, [244]; [249]
  • Granulation of, [250]
  • Indications of, [116]
  • Parting from gold, [462]-[464]
  • Parting gold from silver, [448]-[451]; [448]
  • Ratio in liquation cakes, [505]; [506]
  • Residues from liquation, [521]
  • Rosette, [538]
• Copper-filings, [233]; [233]; [221]
• Copper flowers, [538]; [110]; [233]; [538]
  • Pliny's description, [404]
• Copper Glance, [401]; [109]
• Copper Matte.
  • Roasting, [350]
  • Smelting, [404]-[407]
• Copper Ore (see also [Copper Smelting], etc.), [109]
  • Assaying, [244]-[245]
• Copper Pyrites, [117]; [109]
• Copper Refining, [530]-[538]; [354]; [492]; [535]-[536]
  • Breaking cakes, [501]-[503]
  • Enrichment of silver by settling, [510]
  • Roman method, [404]
  • Rosette copper, [535]
• Copper Scales, [110]; [221]; [233]; [539]
  • Use in assaying, [245]
• Copper Schists (see also [Mannsfeld Copper Slates]), [127]
  • Method of smelting, [408]
• Copper Smelting, [388]-[390]; [401]; [404]; [402]
  • Invention of appliances, [353]-[354]
• Cornwall.
  • Ancient tin mining, [413]
  • Early German miners, [282]
  • Early mining law, [85]
  • Early ore dressing, [282]
  • Influence on German mining, [283]
  • "Knockers," [217]
  • Mining terms, [77]; [101]; [267]; [282]
  • Royal Geol. Soc. Transactions, [84]
• Coticula (see [Touchstone]).
• Counterfeht (see [Zinc]).
• Crane.
  • For cupellation furnaces, [476]-[477]
  • For lead cakes, [500]
  • For liquation cakes, [514]
• Cremnitz.
  • Age of mines, [5]
  • Width of veins, [52]
• Crinoid Stems, [115]
• Croppings, [37]; [37]
• Crosscuts, [106]
• Crowbars, [152]
• Crucible.
  • Assay, [228]; [230]; [241]; [245]; [221]
  • Of blast furnaces, [376]; [377]
• Crudaria, [65]
• Crushing Mills (see [Stamp-mill] and [Mills]).
• Crushing Ore, [231]; [279]-[287]; [279]
• Crystal (Crystallum), [114]
• Cumberland.
  • Early report on ores of, [267]
  • Roman lead furnaces, [392]
• Cup-Bearer.
  • Right to a meer, [81]
• Cupellation, [464]-[483]; [465]-[466]
  • Buildings and furnaces, [464]-[472]; [492]
  • Brightening of the silver, [241], [475]
  • In assaying, [240]
  • In "tests," [483]
  • Latin and German terms, [221]; [492]
  • Litharge, [475]
• Cupels, [228]-[230]; [221]; [466]
  • Drying of, [240]
  • Moulds, [231]
• Cupric Oxide, [221]
• Cuprite, [109]; [402]
• Cyanus (see also [Azurite]), [110]
• Cyprus.
  • Ancient copper smelting, [402]