The Snakes of Europe

by George Albert Boulenger

Only three species are entirely confined to Europe:

Coluber scalaris, Vipera ursinii, and V. aspis.

Of the species which range outside Europe, the following occur both in Western Asia and in North Africa:

Eryx jaculus, Tropidonotus natrix, Cœlopeltis monspessulana, Vipera lebetina.

In Western Asia and the North-East of Egypt:

Tropidonotus tessellatus, Zamenis dahlii.

In Western Asia:

Typhlops vermicularis, Zamenis gemonensis, Coluber quatuorlineatus, C. dione, C. longissimus, C. leopardinus, Coronella austriaca, Contia modesta, Tarbophis fallax, T. iberus, Vipera renardi, V. berus, V. ammodytes, Ancistrodon halys.

In North Africa:

Macroprotodon cucullatus.