[157b] Ferdinand the Catholic and his wife Isabella. Their systematic persecution and banishment of the Jews—the edict was dated March 30, 1492—are well known.
[162] The street of the Bramble.
[163] See the Introduction, and Duncan, The English in Spain, passim.
[164a] Juan Alvarez y Mendizabal was a more or less Christianized Jew, who began his career as a commissariat contractor to the national army on the French invasion in 1808. Born in 1790, he rendered important services to Spain, until in 1823 he was compelled, like so many of his liberal compatriots, to take refuge in England from the tyranny of Ferdinand VII. Abroad as well as at home, he displayed his great talent for finance for the benefit of Spain, and returned in 1835 as Minister of Finance in the Toreno Administration. He resigned in 1837, was again called to power in 1841, and died in 1853.
[164b] The honourable George Villiers was our Minister at Madrid from 1833 to March, 1838, when, having succeeded to the title of his uncle as Earl of Clarendon, he returned to England, where in course of time he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Foreign Minister.
[166a] I have been so far unable to discover the name of this gentleman.
[166b] Mendizabal, as has been said, was a Jew by race.
[168] The word “cigarette” was not yet naturalized in England. The thing itself was practically unknown; even cigar was sometimes spelt segar.
[169] Ojalateros, criers of ojala; Arab. Inshallah, “if it please God,” “would to God.” Pasteleros, pastry-cooks, “wishers and dishers.”
[170a] See the Glossary.