237 (h). Sin trovi = to find oneself. This expression (or, troviĝi = to be found, to find oneself, to be, or, to be situated) is often used for the English verb "to be."
Examples.—Sur la arbo sin trovis multe da birdoj = On the tree were (found themselves) many birds. Super la tero troviĝas aero = Over the earth is air.
Ĉesi, Daŭri, Pasi, Fini, Komenci.[17]
237 (i). In English the following and many other verbs are used in both a transitive and intransitive sense:—to stop, to continue, to pass, to finish,
to commence. In Esperanto ĉesi, daŭri, pasi are intransitive; so, to make them transitive, we must add IGI. On the other hand, fini and komenci are transitive; therefore, to make them intransitive, we must add IĜI (par. [280]).
| Transitive. | Intransitive. |
|---|---|
| Ĉesigu tiun bruon = Cease (stop) that noise. | La pluvo ĉesis fali = The rain ceased to fall (stopped). |
| Li daŭrigis sian rakonton = He continued his story. | La ventego daŭris unu horon = The storm lasted an hour. |
| Li pasigis du horojn en la budo = He passed two hours in the booth. | La tempo pasas rapide = Time passes rapidly. |
| Li finis sian laboron = He finished his work. | La monato finiĝos morgaŭ = The month will finish to-morrow. |
| Ŝi komencos sian vojaĝon morgaŭ = She will commence her journey tomorrow. | La semajno komenciĝis hieraŭ = The week commenced yesterday. |
Footnote:
[17] The following is a list of the chief Esperanto verb roots whose English equivalents are used both transitively and intransitively. (E.g., wakes, in he wakes her, is transitive; in she wakes it is intransitive.) Esperanto follows international usage in giving such verbs one meaning only, either transitive or intransitive.
Transitive Verbs (can be used in the passive, and with -ebla, -inda; may be used intransitively with -iĝ-):—
Aplik, balanc, ban, ĉagren, etend, fend, ferm, fin, flar, fleks, izol, klin, kolekt, komenc, lev, mezur, montr, mov, nask, paŝt, renvers, romp, rul, renkont, sku, sving, sufok, ŝancel, ŝanĝ, ŝir, tren, turn, vek, verŝ.