| Esperanto. | Pronunciation. | English. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | abato | ah-bah-to | abbot. |
| a-a | la afero | lah ah-feh-ro | the affair. |
| a-e | aero | ah-eh-ro | air. |
| a-i | trairi | trah-ee-ree | to traverse. |
| balai | bah-lah-ee | to sweep. | |
| aj | ajlo | ahy-lo (sound "y" short, | |
| as ye) (dissyllable) | garlic. | ||
| krajono | krah-yo-no | pencil. | |
| majesta | mah-yehs-tah | majestic. | |
| ajn | ahyn (sound "y" short, | ||
| as ye) (monosyllable) | ever. | ||
| palaj | pah-lahy (sound "y" short, | ||
| as ye) (dissyllable) | pale (adj., pl.) | ||
| a-o | la ondo | lah on-do | the wave. |
| a-u | la ungo | lah oon-go | the nail. |
| aŭ | laŭdo | lahw-do | praise. |
| antaŭ | ahn-tahw | before. | |
| hodiaŭ | ho-dee-ahw | to-day. | |
| B | Biblio | Bee-blee-o | Bible. |
| C | cent | tsehnt | hundred. |
| citi | tsee-tee | to cite, quote. | |
| colo | tso-lo | inch. | |
| paco | pah-tso | peace. | |
| pacienco | pah-tsee-ehn-tso | patience. | |
| oficiro | o-fee-tsee-ro | officer. | |
| proceso | pro-tseh-so | lawsuit. | |
| Ĉ | ĉar | chahr | because, for. |
| ĉielo | chee-eh-lo | heaven, sky. | |
| senĉesa | sehn-cheh-sah | incessant, ceaseless. | |
| eĉ | ehch | even. | |
| E | elemento | eh-leh-mehn-to | element. |
| e-a | oceano | o-tseh-ah-no | ocean. |
| e-e | treege | treh-eh-geh | exceedingly. |
| e-i | feino | feh-ee-no | fairy. |
| perei | peh-reh-ee | to perish. | |
| ej | plej | plehy (sound "y" short, | |
| as ye) (monosyllable) | most. | ||
| malplej | mahl-plehy (sound "y" short, | ||
| as ye) (dissyllable) | least. | ||
| hejmo | hehy-mo (sound "y" short, | ||
| as ye) (dissyllable) | home. | ||
| e-o | neo | neh-o | negative. |
| teorio | teh-o-ree-o | theory. | |
| e-u | pereu | peh-reh-oo | perish (imperative). |
| eŭ | Eŭropo | ehw-ro-po | Europe. |
| G | gento | gehn-to | tribe. |
| gv | gvidi | gvee-dee | to guide. |
| lingvo | leen-gvo | language. | |
| g-u | guano | goo-ah-no | guano. |
| Ĝ | ĝui | djoo-ee | to enjoy. |
| ĝojo | djo-yo | joy. | |
| paĝo | pah-djo | page. | |
| H | haro | hah-ro | hair. |
| senhara | sehn-hah-rah | bald. | |
| Ĥ | ĥemio | hHeh-mee-o (guttural aspirate) | chemistry. |
| eĥo | eh-hHo (do.) | echo. | |
| I | idilio | ee-dee-lee-o | idyll. |
| i-a | ial | ee-ahl | for any cause. |
| i-e | tiel | tee-ehl | thus. |
| i-i | diigi | dee-ee-gee | to deify. |
| i-o | tiom | tee-om | as much. |
| i-u | ĉiu | chee-oo | each. |
| i-uj | tiuj | tee-ooy (dissyllable) | those. |
| J | justa | yoos-tah | just. |
| ĉiujara | chee-oo-yah-rah | yearly. | |
| Ĵ | ĵus | zhoos | just (adv.). |
| ĵaŭdo | zhahw-do | Thursday. | |
| bovaĵo | bo-vah-zho | beef. | |
| K | konkuri | kon-koo-ree | to compete. |
| kn | knedi | kneh-dee | to knead. |
| kv | kvankam | kvahn-kahm | although. |
| kvitanco | kvee-tahn-tso | receipt. | |
| malkvieteco | mahl-kvee-eh-teh-tso | restlessness. | |
| k-z | ekzemplo | ehk-zehm-plo | example. |
| L | mallumiĝo | mahl-loo-mee-djo | eclipse. |
| ellabori | ehl-lah-bo-ree | to achieve. | |
| O | ondo | on-do | a wave. |
| o-a | boato | bo-ah-to | boat. |
| o-e | troe | tro-eh | excessively. |
| o-i | foiro | fo-ee-ro | a fair. |
| oj | vojoj | vo-yoy | roads (plur.). |
| o-o | zoologio | zo-o-lo-gee-o | zoology. |
| o-u | trouzi | tro-oo-zee | to abuse. |
| R | rimarki | ree-mahr-kee | to remark. |
| rr | forrampi | for-rahm-pee | to creep away |
| S | sekci | sehk-tsee | to dissect. |
| sc | sceno | (e)stseh-no (imagine | |
| a very short e to | |||
| help to give the | |||
| sound of the first s) | scene. | ||
| sceptro | (e)stsehp-tro | sceptre. | |
| scienco | (e)stsee-ehn-tso | science. | |
| scii | (e)stsee-ee | to know. | |
| sciuro | (e)stsee-oo-ro | squirrel. | |
| konscienco | kons-tsee-ehn-tso | conscience. | |
| nescio | nehs-tsee-o | ignorance. | |
| sf | sfero | sfeh-ro | sphere. |
| sv | sveni | sveh-nee | to swoon. |
| skl | sklavo | sklah-vo | slave. |
| skv | skvamo | skvah-mo | scale (of fish). |
| Ŝ | ŝaŭmo | shahw-mo | froth. |
| malŝarĝi | mahl-shahr-djee | to unload (a cart). | |
| ŝl | ŝlosi | shlo-see | to lock. |
| ŝm | ŝmiri | shmee-ree | to smear. |
| ŝpr | ŝpruci | shproo-tsee | to spurt (intrans.). |
| ŝtr | ŝtrumpo | shtroom-po | stocking. |
| ŝv | ŝveli | shveh-lee | to swell (intrans.). |
| ŝt | poŝtmarko | posht-mahr-ko | postage stamp |
| T | trajto | trahy-to (dissyllable) | trait, feature. |
| U | unu | oo-noo | one. |
| u-a | unua | oo-noo-ah | first. |
| u-e | duelo | doo-eh-lo | duel. |
| u-i | kuirejo | koo-ee-reh-yo | kitchen. |
| detrui | deh-troo-ee | to destroy. | |
| uj | monujo | mo-noo-yo | purse. |
| tuj | tooy (monosyllable) | immediately. | |
| prujno | prooy-no (dissyllable) | white frost. | |
| unuj | oo-nooy (dissyllable) | some (plural of unu). | |
| u-o | duobla | doo-o-blah | double. |
| paruo | pah-roo-o | tomtit. | |
| u-u | detruu | deh-troo-oo | destroy (imperative). |
| V | envolvi | ehn-vol-vee | to envelop, wrap. |
| Z | edzino | ehd-zee-no | wife. |
| noktomezo | nok-to-meh-zo | midnight. | |
Note.—Esperanto vowels are very similar in sound to those in German and Spanish, and in the Italian do, re, mi, fa.
SYNTAX (Sintakso).
20. Syntax (sintakso) treats of the connection, dependence, and arrangement of words to form intelligible speech.
21. Speech (parolo) consists of propositions.
22. A Proposition (propozicio) is a collection of words by which we assert, or question, the act, state, or quality of some person or thing. A complete proposition consists of two chief parts, viz., the Subject and Predicate.
23. The Subject (subjekto) is the name of the person or thing spoken of.
24. The Predicate (predikato) is what is said about the subject.
25. The Subject of a proposition is always:—
(a). One or more nouns.