Vole-nevole = Willy-nilly.
Volonte = Willingly, readily.
248 (c). From the above list we see that the adverb is often used in Esperanto in place of a preposition and its complement (par. [252]).
Examples.—Ŝi estas nigre vestita = She is dressed in black. Li donis al mi du ŝilingojn page por la libro = He gave me two shillings in payment for the book. Forme ĝi estis simila al krono = In shape it was like a crown. La libro estas angle skribita = The book is written in English. Hamleto estas tradukita Esperanten = Hamlet has been translated into Esperanto. Note that in the word Esperanten the accusative of movement is used figuratively. (par. [67]).
PREPOSITIONS.
The following is a list of the 34 simple prepositions, showing the paragraphs under which remarks and examples of their use will be found:—
| Par. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Al | To, towards | [259 (1)]. |
| Anstataŭ | Instead of | [259 (2)]. |
| Antaŭ | Before, in front of | [259 (3)]. |
| Apud | Beside, close by | [259 (4)]. |
| Ĉe | At, with | [259 (5)]. |
| Ĉirkaŭ | About, around | [259 (6)]. |
| Da | Of | [259 (7)]. |
| De | Of, from, by | [259 (8)]. |
| Dum | During | [259 (9)]. |
| Ekster | Outside | [259 (10)]. |
| El | Out of | [259 (11)]. |
| En | In | [259 (12)]. |
| Ĝis | Till, as far as | [259 (13)]. |
| Inter | Between | [259 (14)]. |
| Je | (Indefinite) | [259 (15)]. |
| Kontraŭ | Against, opposite | [259 (16)]. |
| Krom | Besides, except | [259 (17)]. |
| Kun | With | [259 (18)]. |
| Laŭ | According to | [259 (19)]. |
| Malgraŭ | Notwithstanding | [259 (20)]. |
| Per | By means of | [259 (21)]. |
| Po | At the rate of | [259 (22)]. |
| Por | In order to, for | [259 (23)]. |
| Post | After, behind | [259 (24)]. |
| Preter | Beyond, past | [259 (25)]. |
| Pri | Concerning, of, about | [259 (26)]. |
| Pro | Because of, for | [259 (27)]. |
| Sen | Without | [259 (28)]. |
| Sub | Under | [259 (30)]. |
| Super | Above, over | [259 (31)]. |
| Sur | On | [259 (32)]. |
| Tra | Through | [259 (33)]. |
| Trans | Across | [259 (34)]. |
PREPOSITIONS (Prepozicioj).
249. Prepositions express the relation between words, showing how some thing, action, or quality stands in relation to some other thing, action, or quality.
Examples.—La riveroj fluas al la oceano = Rivers flow towards the ocean. Li manĝas antaŭ la tagmezo = He eats before midday. Nia domo staras ekster la arbetaro = Our house stands outside the plantation.