Adverb, as:—Rilate vian leteron = With reference to (relating to) your letter.
CONJUNCTIONS (Konjunkcioj).
262. Conjunctions serve to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Examples.—Somero kaj Vintro = Summer and Winter. Tage aŭ nokte = By day or by night. Li diras, ke vi estas mallaborema = He says that you are lazy. Li estas fiera, sed vi estas humila = He is proud, but you are humble.
263. Conjunctions are of two kinds, Co-ordinating and Subordinating. They have no influence over the moods of verbs (par. [171] (b)).
264. Co-ordinating conjunctions connect two sentences, or two members of a sentence that are independent of each other. These are of five classes:—
- (1). Copulative, as:—kaj = and; kaj ... kaj = both ... and.
- (2). Alternative, as:—aŭ = or; aŭ ... aŭ = either ... or; nek = nor, nek ... nek = neither ... nor.
- (3). Adversative, as:—sed = but.
- (4). Causative, as:—ĉar = for.
- (5). Illative, as:—tial = therefore.
265. Subordinating conjunctions introduce a clause that is dependent on another. There are six classes, viz., conjunctions of:—
- (1). Manner or Degree, as:—kiel = as, kvazaŭ = as if, as though, ol = than, etc.
- (2). Consequence, as:—ke = that, tiel ke = so that.
- (3). Reason or Cause, as:—ĉar = because, since, tial ke = inasmuch as, since, etc.
- (4). Purpose, as:—timante ke = lest, for fear that, fearing that, etc.
- (5). Condition, as:—se = if, esceptinte ke, krom se = unless, except, se nur = provided that, if only, etc.
- (6). Concession, as:—kvankam = though, although, tamen = however, notwithstanding, eĉ se = even if, etc.
266. Conjunctions connect the same cases of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. When there is a diversity of case, it is due to ellipsis (see par. [105]).