4. The New England Primer.
5. The oratorical and patriotic selections of the early nineteenth century.
6. The school readers of to-day; their general characteristics.
2. Method.
1. The alphabetic method in use until modern times.
2. New ideas in the sixteenth century and later. Work of Ickelsamer, Basedow, Pestalozzi, Comenius, and Jacotot.
3. Gradual ascendency of the analytic over the alphabetic (or synthetic) method.
4. Recognition of the importance of phonetics, of association of ideas, etc.
References: Kehr, Geschichte des Lese-Unterrichts in der Volksschule, Gotha, 1889. Fechner, Geschichte des Volksschullesebuches, Gotha, 1889. Ford, The New England Primer, New York, 1897. Reeder, Historical Development of the School Reader, New York, 1900. Hall, How to Teach Reading, New York, 1886. American Journal of Education, Vol. V., Hartford and London, 1858. Russell, German Higher Schools, New York, 1900. Carpenter, Baker, and Scott, The Teaching of English, New York, 1903. Huey, Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading, New York, 1908.
II. First Steps in Instruction