XI. Improvements in the Technique of Arithmetic

1. History of the Improvement in Symbolism.

2. How the Present seeks to carry on this Improvement.

a. The difficulties that are met.

b. Dangers of too much symbolism.

c. The proper criterion for selection.

3. The Equation in Arithmetic.

a. Object.

b. Dangers to be avoided.

4. The Process of Subtraction as a Type.