3. Reports of class discussions.

f. The use of maps, pictures, and other special aids increasing.

g. Character of the textbooks.

1. A number of recent books written by competent students of history.

2. Reasonably good as history.

3. Inferior to more elementary books as apparatus for teaching.

4. Responsibility for the “whole story” tends to reduce textbooks to outlines and tempts to generalizations which are largely meaningless to children.

5. The class recitation thus in danger of becoming an exercise in mere words.

References: Bryant, How to Tell Stories to Children, pp. 13-21, 83-109. McMurry, Special Method in History, pp. 50-85. Hinsdale, How to Study and Teach History, pp. 53-66. Bourne, Teaching of History and Civics, pp. 148-168. Gordy and Twitchell, Pathfinder in American History. Foltz, zur Methode des Geschichtsunterrichts, pp. 174-216. Teachers College Record, November, 1908, pp. 26-32.

VI. The Biographical Approach to History