[599] Beckwith, "Customs of the Dakotahs," Rep. Smith. Inst., 1886, Part I, 255-57. Compare Riggs, "Dakota Grammar," Cont. to N. A. Eth., IX, 205, 206. "Dowries" are exchanged among the Coast Indians: Niblack, Rep. Smith. Inst., 1888, Nat. Mus., 367, 368. Bundles of presents are used by the Abipones: Klemm, Kulturgeschichte, II, 75, 76.
[600] Bancroft, op. cit., I, 276, 277. According to Wake, Marriage and Kinship, 183, the Indians of northern California are "so essentially wife purchasers that the children of a wife who has cost her husband nothing are looked upon as bastards and treated with contempt."
[601] Bancroft, op. cit., I, 349, 350. The old men have a similar monopoly among the Zulus: Kohler, in ZVR., V, 350.
[602] Powers, Tribes of California, 22. A string of dentalium is worth $40 or $50, ibid., 21.
[603] Ibid., 247.
[604] Westermarck, op. cit., 292, 293; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, IV, 214; Letherman, "Sketch of the Navajo Tribe of Indians," Rep. Smith. Inst., 1855, 294.
On wife-purchase, exchange of presents, and wedding ceremonial among American aborigines see further Martius, Rechtszustande, 57, 58; idem, Ethnographie, I, 108-10; Eells, "Indians of Wash. Ter.," Rep. Smith. Inst., 1887, 665 (price of woman $100 to $400); McGee, "Siouan Indians," XV. Rep. of Bureau of Eth., 178; Dorsey, "Siouan Sociology," ibid., XV, 242; Turner, "Ethnology of the Ungava District," ibid., XI, 188; MacCauley, "Seminole Indians of Florida," ibid., V, 495, 496 (ceremonies); Kohler, "Studien," ZVR., V, 342, 352 ff.; Post, Familienrecht, 183; Schoolcraft, Indian Tribes, II, 48.
[605] Letourneau, L'évolution du mariage, 137 ff.; Kohler, in ZVR., V, 350 ff.; idem, "Das Negerrecht," ibid., XI, 419 ff., 433, 434, 435-41; Rehme, "Das Recht der Amaxosa," ibid., X, 37, 38; Henrici, "Das Recht der Epheneger", ibid., XI, 134; Post, ibid., XI, 232 (Amaxosa); idem, Familienrecht, 183, 184; Buchner, Kamerun, 31 ff.; especially Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas, 112 ff. (Kafirs), 141-44 (Zulus), 192-94 (Bechuanas), 365 (Namaquas), 444, 445 (Bushmans); and Munzinger, Ostafrikanische Studien, 146 ff., 240, 241, 319 ff., 387; Ellis, Ewe-Speaking Peoples, 153 ff., 199 ff.
[606] Westermarck, op. cit., 393. Compare Fritsch, op. cit., 112, 113, who says the "price varies from some six or seven oxen to thirty or more, if the daughter of a respectable chief is concerned." The price is usually paid in instalments; and, according to Fritsch, among the Kafirs the only thing which distinguishes a woman from cattle is the fact that her lord and master may not wantonly kill her or do her severe bodily hurt; for then the chief would demand the composition or blood-money.
[607] In such case the father may return the woman to the husband with a part of the cattle; and thus the higgling will proceed till an agreement is reached: Fritsch, op. cit., 143, 144; cf. Ratzel, Hist. of Mankind, II, 434 (Zulus), 370 (Bechuanas).